文档介绍：海洋生物多样性丧失对人类的影响
林愿勤
(浙江海洋学院海洋科学与技术学院,浙江舟山 316004)
[概要] 海洋生物资源提供了人类社会重要的生存物质,有效地保护好这些资源,对促进人类社会的持续发展具有重要意义。最近几十年来,由于一系列直接或间接因素的作用,海洋生物物种灭绝的速度加快,丰富的物种多样性日趋下降,对人类的生存和生活产生一定的影响。因此,有必要综合分析海洋生物多样性面临的问题和威胁,评价海洋生物多样性丧失对人类社会潜在的生态学效应,为国家保护海洋生物多样性的宏观决策提供科学依据。本文将从海洋生物多样性的概念、价值、丧失的原因分析,具体从生物多样性的四个层次具体分析对人类的影响,运用生态学原理探讨解决的途径和方法,探讨海洋生物多样性的研究展望。
[关键字] 海洋生物;生物多样性;丧失;影响;
The Impact of Marine Biodiversity Loss
on Human Being
LIN Yuan-qin
The School of Marine Science and Technology,
Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316004
Abstract: The marine biodiversity resource provides human being with the material importantly,protecting these resources availably to promote humankind the social keeping on developing have the important meaning. For few several decades,because of a series of the function of the indirect or direct factor,the speed that marine biodiversity species destroy is quickly,and abundant species variety descend gradually. Therefore, there is necessity synthesizing the problem that analyze marine biodiversity variety faces with threatens,evaluating marine biodiversity variety lose to the human social latent ecology effect,for the country to protect the variety macro view in marine biodiversity the decision provides science gist. This thesis analyzes from the variety concept,value,the reasons of marine biodiversity loss,concrete from four level of structures analysis to human influence, the application ecology principle inquiries into the path of the solution with the method, and to variety research in marine biodiversity outlook.
Key words: Marine Biology; Biodiversity; Loss; Impact
前言:地球表面70%被水覆盖,其中绝大部分是海水。海洋是地球生物圈的一个重要组成部分,哺育着种类繁多的海洋生物。海洋生物作为可再生资源为人类提供大量的食品、药品和工业原料,并且对维护整个地球生物圈的生态平衡起着至关重要的作用。人类的生存和发展与海洋生态系统的平衡和稳定有着密切的联系
,而海洋生态系统的平衡稳定基础是海洋生物的多样性。海洋为人类生存提供了丰富的资源,为人类社会经济可持续发展创造了优越的自然条件,然而,人们在向海洋索取的同时,又自觉不自觉地破坏了海洋环境。目前海洋作为一个巨大的生态系统,正承受着一场空前的生态和遗传压力,其中许多压力正改变着海洋生态群落的结构和组成。人类活动对海洋生物多样性在遗传、物种和生态水平上的冲击主要表现在为:掠夺式的利用海洋生物资源(主要为渔业资源捕捞)、海水养殖的影响、污染和富营养、外来物种入侵和生境的