文档介绍：第十一章人格障碍及其矫正 (personality disorders)
于丽琴
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一、人格障碍概述(Personality Disorders: An Overview)
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What is a personality disorder?
maladaptive personality traits
traits are relatively enduring features of a person that are persistent over time and situations
people with personality disorders tend to be: rigid and inflexible, show a restricted range of traits, have a dominant single trait
personality disorders are egosyntonic, more than egodystonic
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DSM-IV强调病人在认知、情感、人际关系和冲动控制方面的偏离,指出这种偏离类型在长时间内相当稳定,至少可以追溯到青少年或早期成年时。
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Personality Disorders: Facts and Statistics
Prevalence of Personality Disorders
About % to % of the general population
6-9% (Kathleen ,1986)
‰(我国,1986)
Rates are higher in inpatient and outpatient settings。prevalence higher among people with other mental disorders
6-9% of population have one or more personality disorder
most people with personality disorders e to the attention of mental health professionals
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Origins and Course of Personality Disorders
Thought to begin in childhood
Run a chronic orbidity rates are high
Gender Distribution and Gender Bias
Gender bias exists in diagnosis
Criterion vs. assessment gender bias
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DSM-IV将10种人格障碍划分为3大类群:
A类群:行为古怪、奇异
Cluster A
Odd or eccentric
Examples include paranoid, schizoid
B类群:戏剧化、情感强烈、不稳定
Cluster B
Dramatic, emotional, erratic
Examples include antisocial, borderline
C类群:紧张、焦虑行为
Cluster C
Fearful or anxious
Examples include avoidant, pulsive
分类DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR Personality Disorder Clusters
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人格障碍类型
cluster A cluster B cluster C
偏执型表演型回避型
分裂型自恋型依赖性
分裂样反社会型强迫型
边缘型
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PERSONALITY DISORDERS Historical perspective
Roots in psychoanalysis – narcissism, masochism, etc.
Karl Abraham – first theorist to focus on personality disorders
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