文档介绍：Generalization vs Specification
抽象化与具体化
Generalization
抽象化:指采用虚化的方式来翻译原文较为具体化的表达方式。
For generations coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy sources used to transport men from place to place.
几十年来,煤和石油一直被认为是交通运输的重要能源。
transport men from place to place →交通运输
The United States is often depicted as a nation that has been devouring the world’s mineral resources.
人们常把美国说成是一个挥霍世界矿物资源的国家。
devouring(吞食)→挥霍
具体概念抽象化
In the modern world salt has many uses beyond the dining table.
在现代,盐除了供食用外,还有许多其他用处。
the dining table(餐桌) →食用
Pregnant women and women breast-feeding their children may need vitamins.
孕妇和哺乳期的妇女可能需要补充维生素。
women breast-feeding their children(给自己的孩子喂奶) →哺乳期的妇女
Specification
具体化:指采用明确具体的方式来翻译原文中较为抽象化的表达方式。
What is known is that weight extremes in either direction are definitely unhealthy.
众所周知,过度肥胖或消瘦肯定是不健康的。
weight extremes in either direction(体重的两个极端) →过度肥胖或消瘦
Plants cannot grow well in the absence of water.
没有水,植物就不能茁壮成长。
well →茁壮成长
Shock the bottle well before the experiment.
实验前应反复摇动瓶子。
well →反复
No reproduction is granted by implication or otherwise of this information.
本资料不得私下或公开翻印。
otherwise →公开