文档介绍：Available online at hanism
and
Machine Theory
Mechanism and Machine Theory 43 (2008) 1530–1542
ate/mechmt
Renaissance of machines in Italy: From Brunelleschi
to Galilei through Francesco di io and Leonardo q
Marco arelli
LARM: Laboratorio di Robotica e atronica, DiMSAT – Universita` di Cassino, Via Di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino (Fr), Italy
Received 23 July 2007; received in revised form 5 December 2007; accepted 9 January 2008
Available online 4 March 2008
Abstract
In this paper we show Renaissance of machines as the developments occurred since early modern approaches in 14th
century; through activity in 15th century that gave dignity to technique of machines and its professionals; in 16th century
when machine experts were well recognized; in 17th century when academic formation on machine knowledge was started.
The historical evolution is discussed through significant figures by looking at personalities and their contributions in tech-
nical knowledge, with the aim to recognize and give visibility to the fundamental technical advances, which are the bases of
modern MMS.
Ó 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: History of MMS; Mechanism design; History of mechanisms
1. Introduction
Theory of mechanisms and machines (TMM is today MMS) is the modern discipline of Mechanical Engi-
neering, which deals with theory, design, and practice of mechanisms in machinery and other mechanical
systems. TMM is recognized as independent discipline/science with an independent teaching and profes-
sional identity since the beginning of 19th century. However, fundamentals were developed during the
Renaissance of Machines in 15th and 16th centuries when the need and practice of studies and designs were
identified and regularly developed for enhancing machinery through reference to previous experiences, stud-
ies and designs.
During the Middle Ages the Society limited developments and exchanges in technical aspects, even the cul-
tural heri