文档介绍：静态与动态
Static
马砚杜秋玉曹文沙王馨
汉语许多日常用语和文章标题,常用富于动态的动词,如果译成英语,常常要转换为富于静态的名词、形容词或副词,这样才比较有“洋味”。
1)走开!
Stay away!
2)别管我!
Leave me alone!
3)他吃素,不吃荤
He is a vegetarian.
4)她们飞上了蓝天(报纸标题)
Women Pilots in China
5)周阿斗寻父记(文章标题)
A Reunion of Father and Son
6)你老是看钟等着下课啊!
Oh! You're a clock-watcher!
英语倾向于多用名词,因而叙述呈静态; 汉语倾向于多用动词,因而叙述成动态。
Broadly speaking,nouns can be characterized naturally as "stative" in that they refer to entities that are regarded as stable,whether these are concrete (physical) like house, table, paper, or abstract (of the mind) like hope, botany, length. At the opposite pole, verbs can be equally naturally characterized as "dynamic " :they are fitted ( by their capacity to show tense and aspect ,for example)to indicate action, activity and temporary or changing conditions,These relations between the open classes can be summarized thus: STATIVE noun adjective
DYNAMIC verb adverb
英语的静态倾向 一、名词化是英语的常见现象
名词化主要是指用名词(短语)来表达原来属于动词(短语)所表达的信息,如用抽象名词来表达动作、行为、变化、状态等。
Nominalization refers to the replacement of clauses, which containfinite verbs, plex structures consisting of nouns and noun adjuncts.
二、名词优势
名词优势往往可以使表达比较简洁,造句比较灵活,行文比较自然,也便于表达较为复杂的思想内容。
. a. The doctor arrived extremely quickly and examined the patient monly carefully; the result was that he recovered very speedily.
b. The doctor's extremely quick arrival and monly careful examination of the patient brought about his very speed recovery.
医生迅速到达,并非常仔细地检查了病人,因此病人很快就康复了。
② a. Freedom-loving people everywhere condemned them because they violated the agreement reached at Helsinki and abused basic human rights in their own country.
b. The abuse of basic human rights in their own country in violation of the agreement reached at Helsinki earned them the condemnation of freedom-loving people everywhere.
他们违反在赫尔辛基达成的协议,在国内侵犯基本人权,因此受到了各地热爱自由的人们的谴责。
三、名词化表达法缺点
运用名词化表达法可以使叙述较为准确,贴切,但也会使语言抽象,难解。
过分使用名词会使文句冗长、含糊,缺乏活力。
(比较书上P136 头两段)
四、名词的其他用法
用名词表示施事者,以代替动词
He is a good eater and a good