文档介绍：独立主格
一、独立主格结构的含义和实质
“独立主格结构”(absolute construction)又叫“独立结构”,是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。由于在语法上有自己的逻辑主语,结构上与主句不发生关系,因此传统语法叫做“独立主格结构”。其实,所谓“独立主格结构”并非真正独立,它还是一种从属分句,与主句紧密联系在一起,共同表达一个完整的意思,通常在句中起状语分句的作用。独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾,用逗号和主句隔开。
独立主格结构
非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语,从而在结构上与主语不发生关系,我们称之为独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)。其实,所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立,它还是一种从属的结构。
一、非谓语动词独立主格结构在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Such an able man to help you,you will surely eed sooner or later. 有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。(such an able man和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系) = Since such an able man will help you, you will surely eed sooner or later.
He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. 他在书桌旁坐好后,他母亲开始给他讲故事。(seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he,注意是“主格”) = When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school. 由于丢了自行车钥匙,他只好步行去学校。(lost 的逻辑主语是the key,lost 也可以用完成式having been lost)
= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.
A. 不定式“独立主格结构”
在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构也可用一个从句或并列分句来表达。
在独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
His mother e tonight,he is busy preparing the ,他正在忙着准备饭菜。(= As his mother is e tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.)
—— Will you go to the concert tonight 你今晚去听音乐会吗?
—— sorry, so many exercise-books to check, I really can't afford any ,有这多的作业要批,我真的抽不出时间。(=Because I shall check so many exercise-books tonight, I really can't afford any time.)
The four of us agreed on a division of labour, each to translate a quarter of the ,每人翻译全书的四分之一。(=The four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.)
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树,花和草后,我们新建的学校将看上去更美。(=If many trees, flowers, and grass are planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)
B.-ing形式“独立主格结构”
动词的-ing形式作状语