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3)DynamicVerbsandStativeVerbs
1)MainVerbandAuxilliaries
2)TransitiveVerbs
IntransitiveVerbs
andLinkingVerbs
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1)MainVerbsandAuxiliaries
Whysodivided?
differentrolesplayedintheformationofverbphrases
Accordingto
Iwillwinthiscompetition.
win
will
basicmeaningofphrase
grammaticalandmodal meaningsofphrase
MainVerbs
Auxiliaries
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threecategories:
modalauxiliaries
semi-auxiliaries.
be,do,have
can/could,may/might,will/ would,shall/should,must, oughtto,dare,need,usedto,
haveto,seemto
boto,besureto,beaboutto, beaptto,becertainto, beboundto,begoingto, be(un)likelyto
havegotto,hadbetter,hadbest
happento,chanceto, appearto,cometo, failto,getto,tendto, turnoutto
primaryauxiliaries
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Thesupermanissinging.
HewassenttoEngland.
Doeshelikehiswife?
Hedidlovehiswife.
HehasbeentoNewYork.
is
was
Does
did
has
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primaryauxiliaries
betheprogressiveaspectorpassivevoice.
donegativemeaningsortoformquestions
sometimestheemphaticaffirmative
havetheperfectiveortheperfectiveprogressiveaspect.
nolexicalmeaning
withgrammaticalfunctions/meanings:
be,do,have
Features:
Exercise1
Observethefollowingsentencesandpointoutwhichones ofthebluewordsareprimaryauxiliariesandwhichones arenot.
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Ihaveanewguitar.
Idon'thaveanewguitar.
Theyhavehadanicetime.
IhaveseenPeter.
TheywillhavespokentoPeter.
IamfromEngland.
Iamreadingabook.
Ahousewasbuilt.
Idomyhomeworkintheevenings.
Ihavedonemyhomework.
Doingmyhomeworkisnotalwaysfun.
Ididn'tseeJanedoingherhomework.
Don'tsingundertheshower.
Whendidyougetupthismorning?
Exercise2
Primary
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Completethefollowingsentencesbyusingtherightformoftohave(have,has,had).
1)Jack_____funatthepartylastSaturday.
2)I'msorry,butI____togonow.
3)You____everbeentoCanada?
4)Dave____passedhisdrivingtest.
5)Canwe_____thebill,please?
6)Thematch____alreadystartedwhenwearrived.
7)They_____breakfastat6:30thismorning.
8)Doyou____abrother?
9)Mybossnever____time.
10)Doris___beenwaitingforPamfor20minutesnow.
BACK
had
have
have
has
have
had
had
have
has
has
Primary
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ModalAuxiliaries
thirteenmodalauxiliariesincludingsomepasttenseforms
can/could,may/might,will/would,shall/should, must,oughtto,dare,need,usedto
,wecanuseonlyonemodalauxiliary whichisinvariablyfollowedbythebareinfinitiveorthebaseform.
Features:
BACK
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Semi-auxiliaries
haveto,seemto
andexpressthemodalmeaning
Features:
,functionasmainverbs
BACK
Ihavetobuyanewcar.
Idon’thavetobuyanewcar.
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Whysodivided?
2)Transitiveverbs,intransitiveverbsandlinkingverbs
Mainverbscanbedivided inaccordancewith whetherornot theymustbefollowedby obligatoryelements functioningascomplementation andwhatkindofelements thatmustfollow.
TransitiveVerbs
IntransitiveVerbs
LinkingVerbs
Features:
object
donotrequireanobject
subjectcomplement