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RomanticNovelists
NathanielHawthorne&HermanMelville
NathanielHawthorne(1804-1864)
:
HawthornewasbornonthefourthofJuly,1804inSalem,.
Oneofthemwasacolonialmagistrate,notoriousforhispartinthepersecutionoftheQuakers,,aseacaptain,diedinDutchGuiana,leavingthewidowandthechildbehindtoshiftforthemselves.
YoungHawthornewasintenselyawareofthemisdeedsofhisPuritanancestors,andthisawarenessledtohisunderstandingofevilbeingatthecoreofhumanlife,to“thatblacknessinHawthorne,”asHermanMelvilleputit.
Hawthorn’sviewonlife
Hauntedbythesenseofsinandevilinlife.
Forhimhumanbeingsareevil‑,Hawthornebelievesthathumanbeingscontinuouslysinandsinwillgetpunishedonewayoranother.
2).:Hawthorne’sblackvisionofhumannatureprovestobeantipathetictoEmersonianTranscendentalism.
ForHawthorne,asforEmerson,externalreality,nature,objects,tangibleformsaremerelysymbolsofadeeper,moreinward,ultimatelyspiritualreality,andHawthorne’slanguage,likeEmerson’s,isanattempttoextractthesecretmeaningfromreality,torenderthesenseoflifeinvisibleterms.
2).
ButwhileforEmerson,theresultofsuchaquestisnearlyalwayspositive,ajoyousrevelationorratheraconfirmation;forHawthorneitisfarmorefrequentlyarevelationofevil,ofdeathinlife,ofthemysteryandambiguitywhichsurroundus.
Hawthorn’sliterarytheory
--TheoryofRomance
Hawthornefavorsromanceasasuitableformofwriting:
3
3).TheoryofRomance
Hawthorne’stheoryofromanceisanidealcombinationoffactsandfancy,realisticdetailsandfancifulthings,,somewherebetweentherealworldandthefairyland,wheretheactualandtheimaginarymaymeet,andeachimbuesitselfwiththenatureoftheother.
Novel,inHawthorne’sopinion,aimsataveryminutefidelitytoreality,notmerelytothepossible,buttotheprobableandordinarycourseofman’sexperience.
Hethinksromanceshouldbeabletopresentthetruthwiththewriter’sowncreativeimagination.
Heshouldbeabletocombinerealitywithhisownimagination,tomakereallookunreal,’swhyhetookgreatinterestinhistoryandantiquity,whichhebelievedenabledhimtodreamstrangethingsandmakethemlookliketruth.