文档介绍：Chapter 2
Understanding cultures and their values
Learning objectives
1. The Nature of Culture
Define the terms “culture” and “cultural value”.
Identify the ingredients and characteristics of culture.
2. The Basics of Cultural values
Definition of Value
Priorities of Cultural Values
3. Understanding Cultural patterns
Definitions of Culture
Put the word “culture” into dictionary, see what definitions you can get?
Definitions of Culture --- Longman dictionary
1. in a society: the beliefs, way of life, art, and customs that are shared and accepted by people in a particular society.
2. in a group: the attitudes and beliefs about something that are shared by a particular group of people or in a anization.
3. activities that are related to art, music, literature etc.
Definitions of Culture
Historically, “culture” derives from Latin word “colere”.
Culture usually refers to sth that derives from or created by the intervention of humans ----- culture is cultivated.
No less than 164 definitions of culture (Kroeber and Kluckhohn, 1952);
Try to find something mon to the definitions of culture.
Definitions of Culture
Culture is the total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions munication patterns that are shared, learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people.
Classification of the culture
Artifact
Concepts
behavior
Culture consists of two level
Invisible level
Visible level
learned
dynamic
interrelated
ethnocentric
selective
transmissible
Influence
biological
processes
culture
Characteristics of culture --- learned
Culture is not innate ( not we are born with), but learned.
We learn our culture in many ways and from a variety of sources.
Since we have mastered our culture through the process of learning, it is possible to learn to function in other cultures as well.