【国外英文文学】Oxford.docx

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【国外英文文学】Oxford
Oxford
byAndrewLang
PREFACE
,withthepenortheetcher'(suchasFatherFaberhasmadepermanentinabeautifulpoem)thesunshinefleetsalongtheplain,revealingtowers,andfloods,andtrees,inagleamofwaterylight,,thedampsoaksintotheheartofeverything,andsuchsuicidalweatherensuesashasbeendescribed,onceforall,bytheauthorofJohn-a-,whentheheatseemsalmosttropical,andbythedrowsybanksoftheCherwellyoumightalmostexpectsomeshysouthernwater-beasttocomecrashingthroughthereeds!Andsuchaday,again,isunlikethebrightweatheroflateSeptember,whenallthegoldandscarletofBagleyWoodareconcentratedintheleavesthatcoverthewallsofMagdalenwithanimperialvesture.
OurmemoriesofOxford,ifwehavelongmadeheraCastleofIndolence,,ofmelancholy,,asthelandscapeisbeheldinshowerandsunshine,infrost,,thatonceseemedapleasantporchandentranceintolife,maybecomeadingyante-room,wherewekickourheelswithotherweary,,ifmenlingertheretoolate,Oxfordgrowsaprison,anditisthefinalconditionoftheloiterertotake"thisforahermitage."Itiswelltoleavetheenchantressbetimes,,itisbecausetheyhaveoutstayedtheirnatural"welcomewhile,"orbecausetheyhaveresistedhergenialinfluenceinyouth.
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CHAPTERI--THETOWNBEFORETHEUNIVERSITY
Mostoldtownsarelikepalimpsests,,thoughnotoneofthemostancientofEnglishcities,shows,morelegiblythantherest,thehandwriting,asitwere,:forwar,fortrade,forlearning,forreligion;andwar,trade,religion,,beforethelasttwocenturiesbegan,,oralteredtosuitnewtastes;,inwalkingthroughOxford,youseeeverywhere,incolleges,chapels,andchurches,doorsandwindowswhichhavebeenbuildedup;oragain,,andconvertedintothecircularbull's-,,forsomeeightcenturies,,ifweareconvincedbysomeantiquaries,theeasternendoftheHighStreetcontainsevenearlierscratchesonthispalimpsestofOxford;therudemarksofsavageswhoscoopedouttheirdampnests,andraisedtheirlowwallsinthegravel,-nakedmenmayhavetrappedthebeaverintheCherwell,,however,andnotwiththesefancies,thatweareconcerned,'slifehereisalltheytrytosketch.
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Itishard,thoughnotimpossible,;;whenshefledfromKingAlgarandhidamongtheswine,andafterawholefairytaleofadventuresdiedingreatsanctity,,andofherfoundation,thegermoftheCathedralandofChristChurch,isnot,indeed,,andherlaterlifeisbutareturn,aftercenturiesofwarandtrade,,wecannotreadilyguess,,andtheNorthmen,astheymarchedinland,burningchurchandcloister,,,andthesecure,raisedpathsthatranthroughthefloodedfenstothefordorbridge,ifbridgetherethenwas,betweenGodstoweandthelaterNormangrandpont,,theroadsthatrantowardsBanburyandthenorth,ortowardsBristolandthewest,-way,too,andthepathsbytheThames'side,,astheyfollowedupthecourseoftheThamesfromLondon,wouldbedrawnthither,soonerorlater,,OxfordlayinthecentreofEnglandindeed,,shecanhavebeennomeanorpoorcollectionofvillagesinthedayswhensheisfirstspokenof,whenEadwardtheElder"incorporatedwithhisownkingdomthewholeMercianlandsonbothsidesofWatlingStreet"(Freeman'sNormanConquest,),,inthedaysofEadward,onthehillthatwasnotyet"Shotover,"andhadlookedalongtheplaintotheplacewherethegreyspiresofOxfordareclusterednow,asitwereinapurplecupofthelowhills,hewouldhaveseenlittlebut"thesmokefloatingupthroughtheoakwoodandthecoppice,"
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Thelowhillswerenotyetcleared,,whentheearlystudentscame,theyhadtoride"throughthethickforestandacrossthemoor,totheEastGateofthecity"(MunimentaAcademica,Oxon.,).Inthemidstofacountrystillwild,Oxfordwasalreadynomeancity;buttheplacewherethehostileracesofthelandmettosettletheirdifferences,tofeasttogetherandforgettheirwrongsoverthemeadandale,ortodevisetreacherousmurder,andclosethebanquetwithfireandsword.
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Againandagain,afterEadwardtheEldertookMercia,,andsendingupathicksmokethroughtheday,fromThamesmouthtoCambridge."Andnextwastherenoheadmanthatforcewouldgather,andeachfledasswiftashemight,andsoonwastherenoshirethatwouldhelpanother."Whenthefirstfuryoftheplunderinginvaderswasover,whentheNorthmenhadbeguntowishtosettleandtillthelandandhavesomemeasureofpeace,theearlymeetingsbetweenthemandtheEnglishrulerswereheldintheborder-town,,sonsofEarngrim,cametoseeEadricinOxford,andtherewereslainatabanquet,whiletheirfollowersperishedintheattempttoavengethem.",andasmencouldnotdrivethemthence,thetowerwasfired,andtheyperishedintheburning."SosaysWilliamofMalmesbury,who,somanyyearslater,readthestory,ashesays,(DCCIX.).Aethelredismadetosay,'sChurch("mineownminster"),,"bytheadviceofhissatraps,determinedtodestroythetaresamongthewheat,theDanesinEngland."Certainofthesefledintotheminster,asintoafortress,,"froCharwellbriggeandlongthestreame,froMerewelltoRugslawe,frothelawetothefouleputte,""Cherwell,""Hedington,""Couelee"orCowley,wherethecollegecricket-,andtheheadmenoftheEnglishandoftheDanesmetatOxfordagain,andmorepeacefully,andagreedtolivetogether,obedienttothelawsofEadgar;tothelaw,thatis,asitwasadministeredinolderdays,,too,metthepeacefulgatheringof1035,whenDanishandEnglishclaimswereinsomesortreconciled,andatOxfordHaroldHarefoot,thesonofCnut,,,inherangeragainstKingAlgar,,tocrossacertainmooronMaymorning,ortolistentothewinnowingofthenight-fowl'swingsintheduskabovethelakeofTara;sothekingsofEnglandshunnedtoenterOxford,,aswehaveseen,,whereitcouldnotrest,forhisenemiesdugitup,andcastitforthuponthefens,,,notwithoutfear,,withEdwardtheprince,andmisfortunefelluponhim,,andhowhealoneofEnglishkingsenteredthecity:"QuodnullusrexattemptavitatemporeRegisAlgari,"anerror,forHaroldattemptavit,,hewaslessaudaciousthanhisfather,andin1275herodeuptotheEastGateandturnedhishorse'sheadabout,andsoughtalodgingoutsidethetown,,however,heseemstohavepluckedupcourageandattendedaChapterofDominicansinOxford.
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ThelastofthemeetingsbetweenNorthandSouthwasheldatOxfordinOctober1065."InurlequaefamosonomineOxnafordnuncupatur,"toquoteadocumentofCnut's.(.),ofwhichpossiblynotonestone,oronerafter,,richenough,itseems,andpowerful,andweseethenarrowstreetsfullofarmedbandsofmen--menthatwearthecognisanceofthehorseoroftheraven,thatcarryshortswords,andarequicktodrawthem;menthatdressinshortkirtlesofabrightcolour,scarletorblue;thatwearaxesslungontheirbacks,,andfeastinglatewhenbusinessisdone,andchafferingforkniveswithivoryhandles,forarrows,andsaddles,andwadmal,,greytwilightabovethatwetlandsuddenlylitupwithfire;'sMinsterflaringlikeatorchathwartthenight;ofpoplarswavinginthesamewindthatdrivesthevapourandsmokeoftheholyplacedownontheDaneswhohavetakenrefugethere,,andofwoodenspiresandtowers,thanthelifeledinitsstreetswasunliketheacademiclifeofto-,butthewholecitywaswrecked,stormed,anddevastated,beforethesecondperiodofitshistorybegan,beforeitwastheseatofaNormanstronghold,andoneofthelinksofthechainbywhichEnglandwasbound."Fourhundredandseventy-eighthousesweresoruinedastobeunabletopaytaxes,"while,"withinthetownorwithoutthewall,therewerebuttwohundredandforty-threehouseswhichdidyieldtribute."
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WiththebuildingsofRobertD'Oily,afolloweroftheConqueror's,andthehusbandofanEnglishwife,theheiressofWigodofWallingford,',therearethestrongplacesheerectedtosecurehispossessions,and,second,,andits"shiningcoronaloftowers,",withthenaturalmoatflowingatitsfeet,wemayguesswhatthecastlemusthavebeenintheearlydaysoftheConquest,,too