文档介绍：Unit 1 Definition of Measurement and Measurement Theory
定义的测量方法和测量理论
1. Definition of Measurement测量的定义
A possible operational description of the term measurement which agrees with our intuition is the following :“measurement is the acquisition of information ”;the aspect of gathering information is one of the most essential aspects of measurement ;measurement are conducted to learn about the object of measurement ;the measurand .This means that a measurement must be descriptive with regard to that state or that phenomenon in the world around us which we are measuring .一个可能的操作描述这个术语的同意,我们凭直觉测量是下列的“测量信息获取”,采集信息的方面是最重要的方面进行测量,计量了解测量的对象,进行测量。这意味着一个测量必须描述对于这种状态或这一现象在我们周围的世界我们衡量。There must be a relationship between this state or phenomenon and the measurement result .Although the aspect of acquiring information is elementary ,it is merely a necessary and not a sufficient aspect of measurement :when one reads a textbook ,one gathers information ,but one does not perform a ,即使是基础,那只是一个必要的和非充分方面的测量:当一个人阅读教科书,一个收集信息,但是一个人不能进行测量。A second aspect of measurement is that it must be selective .It may only provide information about what we wish to measure (the measurand) and not about any other of the many states or phenomena around us .测量的第二个方面,它必须被选择,只能提供有关我们所希望的那样进行测量测量),而不是对任何其他的许多州或现象在我们身边。This aspect too is a necessary but not sufficient aspect of measurement .Admiring a painting inside an otherwise empty room will provide information about only the painting ,but does not constitute a ,,只有这幅画作,但不构成测量。
A third and necessary aspect of measurement is that it must be objective .The e of the measurement must be independent of an arbitrary observer .Each observer must extract the same information from the measurement and e to the same conclusion .This, however ,is almost impossible for an observer who uses only his/her senses .Observations made with our senses are highly subjective .Our