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GreenEnergyAndEnvironmentalProtection
•Pollutionfromtraditionalenergy
Petroleumprocessingandutilization
Coalutilization
•Biomass
Energyplants
Thermochemicalconversion
Biologicalconversion
•Solarenergy
Photovoltaicconversion
Photothermalconversion
Photochemicalconversion
•Othergreenenergy:hydroenergy,wind,nuclear,geothermalenergy,oceanenergy,naturalgashydrate
•Hydrogen
Production
Storage&Utilization
•Fuelcells:DMFC,lithiumionbattery
MainContents
Reference
EvaluationMethod
Attendancepoints:10pointscreditwillbepossibleforperfectattendance.
Presentation:40points
FinalExam:Pointsearnedonthefinalexamwillbeproratedtoamaximumof
“50"beforeassigningfinalgrades.
PollutionfromPetroleumUtilization
WorldEnergyConsumptionTrendsbySource
WorldEnergyconsumptionbySource
CO2emissionfromdifferentenergysource
:
Runningoutofoil??
Theconcernabout"runningoutofoil"arisesfrommisunderstandingthe
significanceofapetroleumindustrymeasurecalledtheReserves/Production
ratio(R/P)."proved",,asthepriceofoilincreases(ornewtechnologybecomesavailable),marginalfieldsbecome"provedreserves".Weareunlikelyto"runout"ofoil,,andtheworldcrudeoilR/Pratiotypicallymovesbetween20-40years,howeverspecificnationalincentivestodiscoveroilcanextendthatrangeupward.
Runningoutofoil??
CrudeOilProvedReservesR/PRatio
USA-
CoalProvedReservesR/PRatio
TotalWorld1,
NaturalGasProvedReservesR/PRatio
USA-
.
Onebillion==1x1012.
OnebarrelofArabianLightcrudeoil=
USGS:
ChemicalConstitutionofPetroleum
Crude
Oil
Organic
Compounds
Hydrocarbons
(C,H)
Metals
Heteroatom
Compounds
(S,N,O)
Inorganic
Compounds
(Na+,Ca2+,Cl-)
Organic
Compounds
(Ni,V,Fe)