文档介绍：湘潭大学
硕士学位论文
论冯契智慧说中自我的认识活动
姓名:崔治忠
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:中国哲学
指导教师:王向清
20060501
摘要
冯契是当代著名的哲学家,毕生从事哲学史和哲学的研究。从早期发表的《智
慧》到晚年《智慧说三篇》,他始终探索与解答知识和智慧这一时代问题。智慧说
是关于“自我”基于实践,从无知到有知、从知识到智慧,从自在到自为再到自
由的理论,这就是广义认识论,也是关于自我认识活动的学说。冯契把广义认识
论概括为对以下四个问题的解答:感觉能否给予客观实在?理论思维何以把握普
遍有效的规律性知识?逻辑思维能否把握具体真理(首先是世界统一和发展原
理)?理想人格或自由人格何以培养?对于前两个问题的回答属于知识经验领域;
对于后两个问题的回答则属于智慧之域。
冯契认为认识是一个从现象到本质、从浅层到深层、从片面到全面的曲折过
程。人们在实践中接触具体事物,通过对具体对象的抽象作用形成概念,再用概
念摹写和规范所与并化所与为事实。经过不同意见、观念的争论以及论证和实践
的检验,人们就能够全面深入地把握客观对象的本质联系,从而形成科学的认识,
这就是从具体到抽象的认识过程。同时,认识还有一个从抽象到具体的飞跃,即
把握具体真理。这个过程也可以这样表述:在认识过程中,人们通过意见和观点
的争论达到了比较一致的认识,对客观真理有了较为全面的把握,但随着实践的
深入,这个较一致的认识又产生了不同的观点和意见,于是引起新的争论,伴随
着“一致——百虑——一致”的螺旋的上升过程,认识就不断由具体上升到抽象,
又由抽象上升至具体,最终在一定历史条件下,一定领域内把握具体真理。
关键词:冯契; 智慧说; 统觉; 认知; 价值; 转识成智;
I
ABSTRACT
Feng Qi is the contemporary famous Philosopher, his lifetime is engaged in
research of the history of philosophy and the philosophy. From the early "Wisdom" to
the latter Three Discourse on Wisdom, Feng Qi continuously explains this time question
of knowledge and the wisdom. The wisdom is the theory on the “self” from ignorance to
knowledge, from knowledge to wisdom, and from in-itself to for-itself and freedom,
which is based on the practice. This is epistemology, and also is the theory about
self-awareness activities. He summarizes the epistemology for following four questions:
Can the objective reality be given in sensations? How can the theoretical thinking arrive
at the universally valid knowledge? Can logical thinking grasp the concrete truth (first
of all the principle of the unity of the world and the principle of the development of the
world)? How is the ideal personality or the free personality to be raised? The reply to
the first two questions belongs to the knowledge of experience; the reply to the latter
two questions belongs to territory of the wisdom.
Feng Qi believes that cognition is winding process similarly from the phenomenon
to the es