文档介绍：华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
从理性化科学的角度看中国为什么没有诞生近代科学
姓名:姚中华
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:科学技术哲学
指导教师:李思孟
20050429
摘要
为什么具有古老文明的中华民族在持续了一千多年的先进之后会在 16 17
世纪以后呈现明显的落后而且一落千丈这是一个为举世所瞩目的问题
先进与落后是相比较而言的欧洲之所以先进是在于他们于 16 17 世纪产生
了在世界科学史上具有重要意义的近代科学而中国在同一时期或在此前后并没
有产生出象欧洲那样的近代科学中缓的发展着
也就是说中国近代科学技术落后首先在于中国没有从传统科学中诞生出近代科
学来
近代科学是在古希腊理性化科学的基础上诞生的古希腊理性化科学从理论知
识科学方法和科学精神三方面促进了西方近代科学的诞生而我国古代科学是实
用型的经验化科学缺乏理性化从科学自身的发展来看这正是我国没有诞生近
代科学的内在原因我国古代政治经济因素是导致我国古代理性化科学缺失的原
因同时也就是我国没有产生近代科学的外部因素内因是事物变化的根据外因
是条件外因通过内因来起作用
通过历史的比较我们看到了中国传统科学的缺陷和不足中国要在本世纪走
到世界科学的前列必须要为科学的发展创造良好的条件同时也要转变认识观念
和思维方式
关键词中国; 科学; 近代科学; 理性; 理性化科学
I
Abstract
Having taken the lead in the world's civilization for more than 1,000 years, why did
the ancient civilized Chinese nation lag behind obviously since the 16th and 17th century
and then fall far behind? This is a question that interests the whole world.
Advancement is opposite to backwardness. Europe's advancement was backed up by
the birth of modern science in the 16th and 17th century that is of vital significance in the
world science history. Whereas, the contemporary China marched on at the inherent slow
pace of traditional science at the same time. Modern science didn't grow in Chinese
traditional science, which is one of the most important reasons for the backwardness of
Chinese modern science.
Modern science grew on the basis of ancient Greek rationalization. Ancient Greek
rationalization facilitated the growth of western modern science from the aspects of
theories, scientific methods and scientific spirit. Ancient Chinese science was the
irrational practical empirical science. This is the intrinsic reason why modern science
hasn't been born in China. The specific political and economic factors caused the lack of
rational science, and meanwhile, served as the exterior reason why modern science hasn't
been born in China. The internal causes serve as the basis for the change of a thing, while
the exter