文档介绍：第三章
什么是货币
What is money?
货币的含义
什么是货币?what is money
经济学家将货币(或称货币供给,money supply)定义为在产品和服务支付以及债务偿还中被普遍接受的东西。
Economists define the money as anything that is generally accepted in payment for goods and services or in the repayment of debts.
更为广阔的定义 currency 通货要钱还是要命?!
货币的含义
货币(存量概念) 不等同于以下两者:
财富(wealth): 是指用于价值储藏的各项财产总和。
Wealth includes not only money but also other assets such as bonds, common stock, art, land, furniture, cars, and houses.
收入(e): 是指在单位时间段内收益的流量。
e is a flow of earnings per unit of time. money, is a certain amount at a given point in time.
必须牢记,本书当中所指的货币是产品和服务支付以及债务偿还中被普遍接受的东西,与收入和财务是有差别的。
货币的含义
upian/20121120/
货币的功能 functions of money
交易媒介(medium of exchange)
It is used to pay for goods and services
The use of money as a medium of exchange promotes economic efficiency by minimizing the time spend in exchange goods and services.
Medium of exchange
Double coincidence of wants
实现需求的双重吻合(降低交易成本)
Medium of exchange
鼓励专业化和劳动分工
交易媒介必须符合以下要求:
它必须易于标准化
它必须被普遍接受
它必须易于分割
它必须易于携带
它不会很快腐化变质
货币的功能 functions of money
货币的功能 functions of money
记账单位(unit of account):
作为经济社会中价值衡量的手段
降低交易成本
价值储藏(store of value):
跨越时间段的购买力的储藏
其他资产也具有价值储藏功能
货币是最具流动性的资产,尽管在通货膨胀时期会贬值
货币的功能 functions of money