英语四级考试真题试卷附答案.pdf

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PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteane
wsreporttoyourcampusnewspaperonavisittoalocalfarmorga

utnomorethan180words.
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PartIIIReadingprehension(40minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,
rerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesg




nyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
ThecenterofAmericanautomobileinnovationhasinthepastdec
ademoved2,
Valley,whereself-drivingvehiclesareingtolife.
Ina__27__totakeproductionbacktoDetroit,Michiganlawmakers
haveintroduced__28__thatcouldmaketheirstatethebestplace
inthecountry,ifnottheworld,todevelopself-drivingvehiclesand
putthemontheroad.
"Michigan's__29__inautoresearchanddevelopmentisunderatta
ckfromseveralstatesandcountrieswhichdesireto__30__ourlea
'tletthathappen,"saysSenator
MikeKowall,thelead__31__offourbillsrecentlyintroduced.
Ifallfourbillspassaswritten,theywould__32__asubstantialu
pdateofMichigan's2013lawthatallowedthetestingofself-driving

alfreedomtotesttheirself-
ywouldbeallowedtosendgroupsofself-drivingcarsoncross-stat
eroadtrips,andevensetupon-demand__33__ofself-drivingcars
,liketheoneGeneralMotorsandLyftarebuilding.
LawmakersinMichiganclearlywanttomakethestatereadyforthe
mercialapplicationofself-,Califor
nia,homeofSiliconValley,recentlyproposedfarmore__35__rule
sthatwouldrequirehumandriversbereadytotakethewheel,an
dbanmercialuseofself-drivingtechnology.
A)bid
B)contrast
C)deputy
D)dominance
E)fleets
F)knots
G)legislation
H)migrated
I)replace
J)represent
K)restrictive
L)reward
M)significant
N)sponsor
O)transmitted
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithten

veninoneoftheparagraphsIdentifytheparagraphfromwhichthe


markingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
HowWorkWillChangeWhenMostofUsLiveto100
A)TodayintheUnitedStatesthereare72,000centenarians(百岁老
人).Worldwide,probably450,,then

totheworkofProfessorJamesVaupelandhisco-researchers,
50%ofbabiesbornintheUSin2007havealifeexpectancyof104
,Germany,France,Italy
andCanada,andforJapan50%of2007babiescanexpecttolivet
o107.
B)Understandably,thereareconcernsaboutwhatthismeansforp

hesechallengesarereal,andsocietyurgentlyneedstoaddressthe


yequatelongevity(长
寿)
e,notjusttheendofit.
C)Ourviewisthatifmanypeoplearelivingforlonger,andareheal
thierforlonger,thenthiswillresultininevitableanredesignofwo
,theyarenotonlyolderforlong
er,
at“70isthenew60”or“40thenew30.”Ifyouagemoreslowlyov
eralongertimeperiod,thenyouareinsomesenseyoungerforlon
ger.
D),forinstance,theage
atwhichpeoplemakemitmentssuchasbuyingahouse,gettingm
arried,havingchildren,orstartingacareer;Theseareallfundame
,
50%,thatmileston
e(里程碑)hadshiftedtoage29.
E)Whiletherearenumerousfactorsbehindtheseshifts,onefacto
rissurelyagrowingrealizationfortheyoungthattheyaregoingto

.Soifyoubelieveyouwilllivelonger,thenoptionsbeemorevalua
ble,
mitmentsthatpreviouslycharacterizedthebeginningofadulthood
arenowbeingdelayed,andnewpatternsofbehaviorandanewst
ageoflifeareemergingforthoseintheirtwenties.
F)Longevityalsopushesbacktheageofretirement,andnotonlyfo
,unlesspeoplearepreparedtosavealotmo
re,ourcalculationssuggestthatifyouarenowinyourmid-40s,the
nyouarelikelytoworkuntilyourearly70s;andifyouareinyour
early20s,thereisarealchanceyouwillneedtoworkuntilyourlat

economicallysupportaretirementat65,overthirtyyearsofpoten
tialinactivityisharmfultocognitive(认知
地)
oit.
G)Andyetthatdoesnotmeanthatsimplyextendingourcareersis
-timeworkma
ysecurethefinancialassetsneededfora100-yearlife,butsuchp
ersistentworkwillinevitablyexhaustpreciousintangibleasset
ssuchasproductiveskills,vitality,happiness,andfriendship.
H)
otofeducation,administeredinchildhoodandearlyadulthood,will
beabletosupportasustained,
60-
lchange,eitheryourskillswillbeeunnecessary,oryourindustry
,atsomepointintheirlife
,havetomakeanumberofmajorreinvestmentsintheirskills.
I)Itseemslikely,then’thatthetraditionalthree-stagelifewillev
olveintomultiplestagescontainingtwo,three,orevenmorediffe

onethefocuscouldbeonbuildingfinancialsuccessandpersonala
chievement,inanotheroncreatingabetterwork/lifebalance,still
anotheronexploringandunderstandingoptionsmorefully,orbeing
anindependentproducer,yetanotheronmakingasocialcontri
,takepeopletodifferentciti
es,andprovideafoundationforbuildingawidevarietyofskills.
J)Transitionsbetweenstagescouldbemarkedwithsabbaticals(休
假)aspeoplefindtimetorestandrechargetheirhealth,re-investi
ntheirrelationships,,thesebreaks
andtransitionswillbeself-determined,atotherstheywillbeforce
dasexistingroles,firms,orindustriesceasetoexist.
K)Amulti-stagelifewillhaveprofoundchangesnotjustinhowyo
umanageyourcareer,
inglyimportantskillwillbeyourabilitytodealwithchangeandeve
-stagelifehasfewtransitions,whileamulti-stagel
-aware,investinginbroaderwo
rksoffriends,andbeingopentonewideaswillbeeevenmorecruc
ialskills.
L)Thesemulti-stageliveswillcreateextraordinaryvarietyacross
groupsofpeoplesimplybecausetherearesomanywaysofsequen
.
M)Withthisvarietywilletheendofthecloseassociationofage
-stagelife,peopleleaveuniversityatthesame
timeandthesameage,theytendtostarttheircareersandfamily
atthesameage,theyproceedthroughmiddlemanagementallrou
ghlythesametime,andthenmoveintoretirementwithinafewyea
-stagelife,youcouldbeanundergraduat
eat20,40,or60;amanagerat30,
50,or70;andbeeanindependentproduceratanyage.
N)Currentlifestructures,careerpaths,educationalchoices,andso
cialnormsareoutoftunewiththeemergingrealityoflongerlifes
-stagelifeoffull-timeeducation,followedbycontin
uouswork,andthenpleteretirementmayhaveworkedforourpar
entsorevengrandparents,
thattofocusonlongevityasprimarilyanissueofagingistomiss

,beingolderlater,andbeingyoung
erlonger.

recareersthannow.
'scareermayhavebothpositiveandnegati
veeffects.
,manyAmericanshaveonaveragedelayedtheirmar
riagebysomeeightyears.
»youngpeopletodaynolongerf
ollowthepatternoflifeoftheirparentsorgrandparents.
-
21stcentury.
'sapproachto
life.

ntlyupgradetheirskills.

armtotheirmentalandemotionalwell-being.

ulti-stagelife.

heirworkandlife.
SectionC
Directions:Inthissection,
nthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyfo
,you
arerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejust
,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshoul
dcheckwhatyouhavewritten.
PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Intheclassicmarriagevow(誓
约),
anewstudyfindsthattheriskofdivorceamongoldercouplesrises
whenthewife—notthehusband—beesseriouslyill.
"Marriedwomendiagnosedwithaserioushealthconditionmayfind
themselvesstrugglingwiththeimpactoftheirdiseasewhilealsoex
periencingthestressofdivorce,"saidresearcherAmeliaKarraker.
Karrakerandco-authorKenzieLathamanalyzed20yearsofdataon
2,717marriagesfromastudyconductedbyIndianaUniversitysinc
,atleastoneofthepartn
erswasovertheageof50.
Theresearchersexaminedhowtheonset(发
生)
dthat,overall,
31%
idenceofnewchronic(慢性
地)illnessonsetincreasedovertimeaswell,withmorehusbandst
hanwivesdevelopingserioushealthproblems.
"Wefoundthatwomenaredoublyvulnerabletomaritalbreak-upi
nthefaceofillness,"Karrakersaid.
"They'remorelikelytobewidowed,andifthey'retheoneswhobee
ill,they'remorelikelytogetdivorced."
Whilethestudydidn'tassesswhydivorceismorelikelywhenwive
sbutnothusbandsbeeseriouslyill,Karrakeroffersafewpossibler
easons.
"Gendernormsandsocialexpectationsaboutcaregivingmaymake
itmoredifficultformentoprovidecaretosickspouses,"Karraker
said.
"Andbecauseoftheimbalanceinmarriagemarkets,especiallyino
lderages,divorcedmenhavemorechoicesamongprospectivepart
nersthandivorcedwomen."
Giventheincreasingconcernabouthealthcarecostsfortheagingp
opulation,Karrakerbelievespolicymakersshouldbeawareofther
elationshipbetweendiseaseandriskofdivorce.
"Offeringsupportservicestospousescaringfortheirotherhalvesm
ayreducemaritalstressandpreventdivorceatolderages,"shes
aid.
"Butit'salsoimportanttorecognizethatthepressuretodivorce
maybehealth-relatedandthatsickex-wivesmayneedadditional
careandservicestopreventworseninghealthandincreasedhealt
hcosts."
?
A)Theymaynotguaranteealastingmarriage.
B)Theyareasbindingastheyusedtobe.
C)Theyarenottakenseriouslyanymore.
D)Theymayhelpcouplestideoverhardtimes.
-authorKenzieLathamfindaboutelde
rlyhusbands?
A)Theyaregenerallynotgoodattakingcareofthemselves.
B)Theycanbeeincreasinglyvulnerabletoseriousillnesses.
C)Theycandevelopdifferentkindsofillnessesjustliketheirwives.
D)Theyaremorelikelytocontractseriousillnessesthantheirwiv
es.
?
A)Theyaremorelikelytobewidowed.
B)Theyaremorelikelytogetdivorced.
C)Theyarelesslikelytoreceivegoodcare.
D)Theyarelesslikelytobothertheirspouses.

saccordingtoKarraker?
A)Theyaremoreaccustomedtoreceivingcare.
B)Theyfinditmoreimportanttomakemoneyforth