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Immunetolerance
chapterⅩV
Introduction
Content
Self-nonselfdiscrimination
Self
Noresponse
Strongresponse
Non-self
orforeign
Concept
Immunetoleranceor‘Immunologicaltolerance’isastateofunresponsivenessthatisspecificforaparticularantigen;itisinducedbypriorexposuretothatantigen.
Tolerogens:antigensthatinducetolerance
Immuneresponsevstolerance
Specificity:specificunresponsivenesstoanantigen,butresponsetootherantigens
Memory:secondaryunresponsivenessonlytosameantigen,butnottootherantigens
Induction:Itsformationneedsinductionofantigenbytheexposureofspecificlymphocyteswithatimelag
GeneralfeaturesofImmunologictolerance
Immunetoleranceisanactiveprocesswhichisdifferentfromimmunodeficiencyorimmunosuppression.
Immunodeficiency:
AdisorderorstateinwhichtheImmunesystem’(geneticreasonorAIDS).
Immunosuppression:
Aconditionwheretheactivationorefficacyoftheimmunesystemisreduced(inducedbyanimmunosuppressant).
OwenfirstobservedimmunologictoleranceinDizygoticbovinetwinin1945
Medawarinducedsuccessfullyimmunologictoleranceinneonateperiodmicein1955
Discoveryofimmunologictolerance
Tolerance
Toleranceinnon-identicalcattletwins:
Dizygoticcattletwinsthatsharedthesameplacentawerebloodcellchimaeras,iecontainedbloodcellsoftwodifferenthaplotypesinadultsand,-thesetwohaplotypesco-existedintheadultswithoutmutualrejection.
MedawarprovedBurnet’sHypothesis