文档介绍：陈述句,疑问句,祈使句,感叹句在交际中的功能
Made by
张雪晶
郭娟
(statement)
陈述句(statement)的交际功能主要是说明事实,因此这种句子主要分为两大类:肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。
(一) 肯定陈述句
,已达到更有礼貌,说话留有余地的目的。表示婉转的词语有I'm afraid, if I'm not mistaken, I think, I suppose, I guess, I suspect, if I might say, if you please, if you don't mind等。
Eg. I think I have heard you say that you know them.
—— Chapter 33,Pride and Prejudice
Not so hasty, if you please. I have by no means done. —— Chapter 56,同上
陈述句在肯定事实时可以采用不同程度的肯定口气。
2. 为了交际需要,增加强调词, 加强肯定的语气。常用的强调词有indeed, really, definitely, certainly, for sure, without any question, without doubt, undoubtedly, virtually, surely, actually等。
Eg. Indeed you must go, for it will be impossible for us to visit him, if you do not.
—— Chapter 1,同上
It certainly is a most iniquitous affair.
—— Chapter 13,同上
You think it a faithful portrait undoubtedly.
—— Chapter 18,同上
“强调附加结构”(reinforcement tag)来加强肯定。
Eg. You are crazy, you are.
4. 采用“双重否定”等手段,比较含蓄的加强肯定。
Eg. There is nothing he would not do for her.
—— Chapter 43,同上
Her affections had been continually fluctuating, but never without an object.
—— Chapter 46,同上
5. 用“修辞疑问句”来起强调作用。修辞疑问句是英语中一种形式上为疑问句而实际上为陈述句的强调句式。
Eg. How can you be so teasing?
—— Chapter 2,同上
You can not be so teasing.
We cannot wonder at plaisance; for who would object to such a partner?
—— Chapter 6,同上
Nobody would object to such a partner.
,如no, never, neither, none等。
Eg. I deserve neither such praise nor such censure
—— Chapter 8,同上
I don't deserve either such praise or such censure.
Elizabeth could bear it no longer.
—— Chapter 51,同上
Elizabeth couldn't bear it any longer.
为了加强否定的含义可将否定部分从其位置移至句首并引起倒装。
Eg. Never in her life had she seen his manners so little dignified, never had he spoken with such gentleness as on this unexpected meeting.
—— Chapter 43,同上
But little had she dared to hope that so much love and eloquence awaited her there.
—— Chapter 22,同上