文档介绍：翻译标准
The Criteria of Translation Judgment
翻译应满足的三个基本要求
1)正确解读原文的信息并精确地把原文的真实信息转换成译入语的语言表达。
2)译文应保持通畅、易懂,使读者产生阅读美感。
3)译文的语言水平应不低于原文的语言水平,包括语言风格。
挑战式水平自测
[例1]What is leadership?
Its qualities are difficult to define. But they are not so difficult to identify.
leaders don’t force other people to go along with them. They bring them along. Leaders mitment from others by giving it themselves, by building an environment that encourages creativity, and by operating with honesty and fairness.
[原译]什么是领导?
领导的素质难以界定。但是它们并不如此难以认定。
领导不强迫其他人和他们一起走。他们带领他们向前走。领导者通过他们自己承担义务,造成一种能鼓励创造的环境以及待人诚恳、出示公正而让别人承担义务。
[改译]何谓领导艺术?
要给出确切的定义确属不易,但描述一下其特点倒也不难。
领导,领导,贵在“导”,而不是强迫别人服从自己。要想让下属努力工作,积极奉献,领导者自己先得做出表率,而且还应该营造出一种能激励下属发挥创造性的优良环境,并对下属以诚相待、处事公平合理。
[例2] Nothing lives in Pompeii except crickets and beetles and lizards, yet every year thousands of people travel from distant countries to visit it.
[译文1]除了蟋蟀,甲虫和蜥蜴外,这儿没有其他的生命。每年,数以千计的人从遥远的国家来此游览。
[译文2]除了蟋蟀就是甲虫,除了甲虫就是蜥蜴,这儿没有其他的生命,每年,数以千计的人从遥远的国家来此游览。
[改译]庞贝是一座废城,除了蟋蟀、甲虫和蜥蜴以外没有其它生命。但是每年仍有成千上万的外国游客远道而来,到此参观游览。
中国几位翻译家的标准(influential translation principles)
严复:信达雅—faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance. The “three character guide” is regarded as a plumb-line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating.
傅雷:神似—spiritual conformity, Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original. 强调原作神韵再现。
钱钟书:化境—sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader.
刘重德:信、达、切—faithfulness / expressiveness / closeness.
鲁迅:宁信而不顺---rather to be faithful than smooth。目的:引入英文句式的表达法
梁实秋、赵景深:宁顺而不信---rather to be smooth than faithful 目的:可读性强,便于交流。
理论探讨
[ < ]
理论探讨
国外的标准
乔治. 萨维尔(e Savile):投胎转世---the transmigration of the souls躯壳换了一个,而精神姿致依然故我
(Eugene ):灵活对等(动态对等)理论---dynamic equivalence 主要主张意译
纽马克(Newmark):语义交际---semantic intercourse主要主张意译
[ < ]
严复:信、达、雅
“译事之难信达雅。求其信已大难矣。顾信矣不达。虽译尤不译也。则达尚焉。……
易曰:‘修辞立诚’。子曰:‘辞达而已!’又曰:‘言之无文,行之不远。’三者乃文章正规。亦即为译事楷