文档介绍：机床结构的有限元分析及优化
机床结构的有限元分析及优化
摘要
机床称为工业母床,机床行业在机械制造业中占有举足轻重的地位,为适应当代快速的科技进步和满足民众对于工业产品优越性能的需 求,现代机床行业正向高速、高精度和智能化化方向发展,因此针对机床相关技术的研究,运用快捷有效的有限元及结构优化等现代工程设计与分析方法,在机床整体的开发设计阶段进行性能评估,对于缩短产品研发周期、提升产品综合性能、增强产品市场竞争力具有重要的意义。
本课题结合某机床厂提供的新型曲轴内铣床模型,综合参考国内外曲轴铣床技术,确定机床技术性能指标,设计一台大型曲轴铣床的床身,并研究其结构的静态和动态力学性能。
本文对原厂提供的床身模型进行材料的选取、静力学和模态分析,确定了其纵向支撑能力和保障动态稳定性能力的不足之处。根据床身设计要求,采用混凝土填充和拓扑优化的方法得到新的设计方案,并根据该方案进行床身的重新参数化建模并对新床身进行静力学和模态分析,得到床身整体位移,最大等效应力,模态固有频率和振型等结果,再与原有床身的分析结果进行对比,确定新床身在静态支撑能力和动态的稳定性上得到大幅度提升。然后针对新建模型以获得最小床身Y方向最大位移、最小等效应力最大值、最小质量为目标进行建模参数的多尺度优化,得到最佳建模参数和设计结果,并且得到不同参数对优化结果的响应曲面,确定了各参数对计算结果的响应关系,为相似问题的多尺度优化分析和研究提供经验和数据支持。最后在不改变截面结构的前提下根据床身隔板的不同间距预设三种床身模型并进行静力学和模态分析,通过对比计算结果确定本课题床身的最佳间距。
关键词:曲轴机床,拓扑优化,填充,参数化建模,多尺度优化,响应关系
Machine tool structure finite element analysis and optimization
ABSTRACT
The technology of machinery and equipment occupies a pivotal position in the manufacturing industry. In order to meet the superior performance requirements from technology progress and national needs, modern machine tool industry are evolving to high-speed, high precision and intelligence-direction development. Therefore, during the research of machine tool technology, it has important significance for shortening product R&D cycle, reducing manufacturing cost, prehensive performance and petitiveness of enterprise by introducing modern engineering and analyzing methods such as finite elements and structure optimization. The research will ascertain technical performance indexes and design a body of a big crankshaft milling machine and study the static and dynamic mechanical property thereof, by studying a new crankshaft milling machine model provided by a factory and referencing to domestic and international technologies of crankshaft milling machine. The author founds out the deficiencies are related to the longitudinal support ability and dynamic stability capacity through static and modal analysis and analyzing the material selection of the machine tool provided by original manu