文档介绍：本科毕业设计(论文)
外文翻译
原文:
Low-e Housing munity Participation
The conceptual framework
The previous decades have seen the field of low-e housing transformed from policies that supported ‘mass provision of dwellings’ to ‘anization actions’. Policies linked with the notion of ‘… slums representing an urban disease’(Taschner,1988:26) changed to the notion of what ‘… very poor people are capable of doing (for their) communities’(Turner, 1988:.).
There is no doubt now that the assumption of repetitive construction of high-density houses as the affordable solution to the chronic housing shortage is wrong. The ‘Community Movement’ has proved that there is an entirely different production process of cheap and, importantly, good standard housing.
In discussing initially ‘who participates’ it is necessary to discern munity concept which connotes the direct involvement of ordinary people in local affairs. Midgley (1986:25) points out that, ‘the proponents munity participation are clearly not concerned with affluent apartment dwellers or wealthy suburbanites or with landowners or rich farmers or other rural elites’. He goes further, quoting Hollnsteiner’ments (quoted in Midgley, 1986:25) who also maintains that, ‘people’s participation refers not to everyone in an munity – since local elites already have a strong voice in decision-making – but rather to the poor majority with little access to resources and power’.
Over time the conception of participation has gradually emerged as a fundamental necessity of a new strategy to provide affordable shelter in which the role anizations and individual capacities are importantly involved. ‘From squatter settlements in Third World cities to the action groups and anizations that are a familiar feature in Britain, munities have challenged for their right to gain access to land and social services in order to face their housing problem by themselves’(Nascimento, 1990:2).
This article addresses itself to the notion of ‘housing as a