文档介绍：本科毕业设计(论文)
外文翻译
原文:
Agricultural cooperatives in Gujarat, India:
agents of equity or differentiation
By
Agricultural cooperatives have been promoted in India’ s economic development programme as a means of encouraging large-scale agricultural production while munity cooperation and equity. Focusing on sugar cooperatives in Gujarat state of western India,the author shows that these cooperatives have been essful in promoting large-scale agricultural production and in improving the economic and social standing of their members.
Introduction
Agricultural cooperatives have been idealised as anisations that engender(造成) the development of munities while simultaneously increasing agricultural to Attwood and Baviskar (1988:2): Cooperatives have been expected to achieve a number of economic and social goals. In addition to increasing production and mobilising underutilised resources, they have also been expected to increase social justice and equality of opportunity, to reinforce social solidarity, and to munities supposedly fragmented by the impact(影响,效果)of colonialregimes, market expansion, and new technologies.
In Gujarat state of western India, cooperatives have led to increased productivity but their role as agents of equity intended to raise the standard of living of the poor is paper attempts to assess the role that agricultural cooperatives have played in Gujarat: whether they have improved the economic and social conditions of the poor or, conversely, whether they have led to an increased differentiation of the peasantry.
I open with a brief background on agricultural cooperatives in India, and then focus on
sugar cooperatives in western India. Sugar cooperatives in the states of Gujarat and Maharashtra have often been upheld as models of cooperative ess. Using secondary literature, I outline some of the reasons for this ess. I then probe into relations of exchange between members of the cooperat