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ultraprecision real-time displacements calculation algorithm for the grating interferometer system weinan ye资料.pdf

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文档介绍:该【ultraprecision real-time displacements calculation algorithm for the grating interferometer system weinan ye资料 】是由【宝钗文档】上传分享,文档一共【9】页,该文档可以免费在线阅读,需要了解更多关于【ultraprecision real-time displacements calculation algorithm for the grating interferometer system weinan ye资料 】的内容,可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能,选择自己适合的文档,以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字,如需要获得完整电子版,请下载此文档到您的设备,方便您编辑和打印。sensorsArticleUltraprecisionReal-TimeDisplacementsCalculationAlgorithmfortheGratingInterferometerSystemWeinanYe1,2,MingZhang1,2,*,YuZhu1,2,LeijieWang1,2,JinchunHu1,2,XinLi1,2andChuxiongHu1,21StateKeyLaboratoryofTribology,DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China;******@.(.);******@tsinghua.(.);wang-******@.(.);******@tsinghua.(.);lixin_******@.(.);******@tsinghua.(.)2BeijingLabofPrecision/Ultra-PrecisionManufactureEquipmentandControl,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,China*Correspondence:******@tsinghua.Received:25April2019;Accepted:24May2019;Published:27May2019Abstract:Gratinginterferometryisanenvironmentallystabledisplacementmeasurementtechniquethathassigni?-timecalculationofsixdegrees-of-freedom(DOF),weanalyzedi?ractionspotdisplacementandchangesintheinternalandexternale?ectiveopticalpathsofthegratinginterferometercausedbythedisplacementofthewaferstage(DOWS);then,weestablishaphaseshift-,?:gratinginterferometer;ultraprecision;real-time;algorithm;rotation–translationcoupling;,aninterferometricdisplacementmeasurementtechniquebasedondi?ractiongratingisanalternativetoalaserinterferometerforidentifyingthepositionofawaferstageinaphotolithographyscanner[1–3].Forultraprecisionpositioningofthewaferstageinanonvacuumenvironment,thesensorandthedisplacementscalculationalgorithmarecriticaltotheperformanceofthemeasurementsystem[4].Thealgorithmisusedtocalculatetheprecise6-DOFdisplacementofthewaferstageinrealtimeusingphaseshiftsandeliminatearotation–translationcoupling(similartotilt-to-lengthcouplinginalaserinterferometer)andgeometricerrors,suchastheAbbeandcosineerrors[5–7].Foramultiple-DOFmeasurementsystem,–displacementsmodelusingvariousapproximationsandderivingitsclosed--timeperformance,itscalculationprecisiondegradeswithanincreaseintherotationrangebecauseitsnonlinearitiessuchasrotation–translationcouplingandgeometricerrorsareneglected[8–10].Toachieveultraprecisedisplacementscalculation,establishingaprecisereadings–,andtoconsiderthesensorreadingasalinearSensors2019,19,2409;doi:,19,24092of9Sensors2019,19,x2of9functionofthedisplacementsofthesensor[11,12].Foragratinginterferometersystem,thismodelingdisplacementsoftheencoder(DOE)causedbyrotation–,themodelmethodignoresthenonlinearrelationshipbetweenthephaseshiftandthedisplacementsoftheencoderestablishedbythismethodhasnoclosed-formsolutionandcanonlybesolvedpreciselybyan(DOE)causedbyrotation–,themodelestablishedbythismethodhasiterativenumericalalgorithm,putationaleffortandcannotmeetthenoclosed-formsolutionandcanonlybesolvedpreciselybyaniterativenumericalalgorithm,whichrequirementsofreal-timemeasurement[13].Inasimilarstudyonthelaserinterferometersystem,putationale?ortandcannotmeettherequirementsofreal-timemeasurement[13].,,andtheyestablishedaprecisemodelcontainingopticalpathofthelaserinterferometercausedbyrotationusingtheabovemodelingmethod,andtilt-to--formsolutionisderivedafternonlinearmodelreductionusingtheyestablishedaprecisemodelcontainingtilt-to--formsolutionisinformationfromsymmetricallyarrangedadditionalinterferometers[4].However,becauseabsolutederivedafternonlinearmodelreductionusinginformationfromsymmetricallyarrangedadditionalsymmetrydoesnotexistinactualmeasurementduetomanufacturingandassemblyerrors,theinterferometers[4].However,,whilemanufacturingandassemblyerrors,-timeperformancerequiresasimplemodel;therefore,itischallengingtoachievebothgoalsputationalmodel,whilereal-timeperformancerequiresasimplemodel;therefore,,wepresentanalgorithmthatcancalculatethe6-DOFDOWSinaInthispaper,wepresentanalgorithmthatcancalculatethe6-—thediffractionspotgratinginterferometerbasedontheDopplere?ect—thedi?ractionspotdisplacementsandthechangedisplacementsandthechangeintheinternalandexternaleffectiveopticalpaths—theexact?inrelationshiptheinternalbetweenandexternalthephaseeectiveshiftopticalofeachpaths—thegratingexactinterferometerrelationshipandbetweenthe6-DOFthephaseDOWSshiftofis?-,solveaplexmodel(PA)algorithminrealtime,isapresentedpolynomialinwhichapproximationmodelreduction(PA)--displacementsModelingMethodAsshowninFigure1,mostadvancedphotolithographyscannersadoptaplanarmotordriveAsshowninFigure1,mostadvancedphotolithographyscannersadoptaplanarmotordrivesystemandagratinginterferometerdisplacementsmeasurementsystem[14].Themeasurementsystemandagratinginterferometerdisplacementsmeasurementsystem[14].Themeasurementprisesfourgratinginterferometersandisusedtomeasurethe6-DOFDOWSrelativetotheprisesfourgratinginterferometersandisusedtomeasurethe6-,,,displacementscalculationalgorithmsusingboth4-activeand3-,displacementscalculationalgorithmsusingboth4---gratinginterferometersysystemstemofthewaferstageandthetheconceptoftheencoderwith?-dimensionalgratingsandtheprojectionlenslensareareinstalledinstalledininametrologyametrologyframe,framande,andfourfour2-DOF2-,,RefractionPrism;QWP,Prism;QuarterQWP,WaveQuarterPlate;WavePBS,Plate;PolarizingPBS,BeamPolarizingSplitter;BeamBS,BeamSplitter;Splitter;BS,BeamMB,Splitter;MeasuringMB,Beams;MeasuringRB,ReferenceBeams;RB,Beams;ReferenceIS,InterferenceBeams;IS,-DOWSmodel,thegratinginterferometersystemofthewaferToestablishtheprecisephaseshift-DOWSmodel,thegratinginterferometersystemofthestageshowninFigure1isreducedtosomecoordinatesystems(CSs)andpoints,(CSs)andpoints,asshowninThe6--DOFDOWSCS??
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relativetotheprojectionlensCS??
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isthemeasured(Dxl,Dyl,Dzl,Rxl,Ryl,Rzl).PointsA,B,andCrepresentthekeypointsinwhichthemeasuringbeamsDOWS
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.PointsA,B,,thechange???ofSensors2019,19,,19,ofxallkeypointsandtheDOWSisdetermined,thechange?Lofthetotallength3ofofall9??,thetotallengthofallmeasuringbeamsanddiffractionspotdisplacements???inthe??directionthephaseshift?ofinterferencesignalcanbegivenby
,thephaseshift??ofinterferencesignalcanbegivenby2πα?2πn?=?22πα?S+?πn?L,(1)?=?ΔSL+λΔ,pxλ(1)pxwhereαisthedi?ractionorder,pisthegratingpitchintheXdirection,nistherefractiveindexinwhere??isthediffractionorder,??xisthegratingpitchinthe??gidirection,??istherefractiveindextheair,andλisthewavelengthof
thelaser.
intheair,and??????
??
??
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fixedtotheCS??
??
??
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representsgratingofthegratinginterferometer#i,andtheCSOEiXEiYEiZEi?xedtotheCSOsXsYsZsrepresentsthegratingofthegratinginterferometer#i,andtheCS??
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fixedtotheCS??
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encoder#(z-y-xextrinsic)betweentheCSOXYZandtheCSOXYZisrepresentsencoder#(z-y-xextrinsic)betweengithegiCSgigi????????andllthelCSl?
(txi,tyi,tzi).Theredarrowsrepresentthetypicalinternalandexternaleectiveopticalpathofthe??
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is
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.,,andthedi??L,?Sismoreintuitive,andtherefore,DOWSisTherelationshipbetweentheDOEand???,???ismoreintuitive,andtherefore,DOWSisfirst???
??
??
??
.RotationaldisplacementscanbetransformedbythebythetransformationmatrixbetweentheCSOlXlYlZlandCSOgiXgiYgiZgi,andthetranslationaltransformationmatrixbetweentheCS??
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andCS??
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,andthetranslationaldisplacementsaretransformedbyEquation(2).WhentheDOEdxgi,dygi,dzgi,rxgi,rygi,rzgiisdisplacementsaretransformedbyEquation(2).WhentheDOE
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iscomputed,thetransformationfromCSOgiXgiYgiZgitoCSOEiXEiYEiZEicanberepresentedbycomputed,githetransformationfromCS??
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toCS??
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canberepresentedbymatrix
,thehomogeneousmatrixofpointAthatdoesnotchangematrix
??.IntheCS??
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Ei,thehomogeneousmatrixofpointAthatdoesnotchangewithwiththeDOEisaconstantmatrix
??.putationofthehomogeneousEimatrixofpointBrequiresonstraintsforbeamAB:thedirectionvectorDABof
beamABcanbecalculatedtheuseofgeometricπconstraintsforbeamθAB:thedirectionvector??
ofbeamABcanbebytheazimuthandtheLittrowanglel;??andtheLittrowangle??
;githeZcoordinateofpointBintheCSAccordingtotheseconstraints,Equation(3)issettosolveB.
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,Equation(3)issettosolve??.hiTgiTl??1lsiE=gi=dx??gidygidzgi1==l1QlsisQEEQQE??dxgidygidzgi1gigishTiTsisi==···E=Emx????mxsisimymysisimzsisi11,21,iK,i=?1,2K??Tl?Rot()tx,,tytzh??mxmymziT?Q?=??(iii)??sisisi,?,(2)(2)l=gi?Rottxi,tyi,tzi