弗洛伊德理论.ppt

文档介绍：Sigmund Freud
 ( 6 May 1856 – 23 Sept. 1939)
was an Austrian neurologist 
who became known
as the founding father
of psychoanalysis.
The Interpretation of Dreams (1899 [1900])
《梦的解析》
Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (1905)
《性学三论》
On Narcissism (1914) 《论自恋》
Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920)
《超越快乐原则》
The Ego and the Id (1923)
《自我与本我》
Major works by Freud
人格结构理论: Id, Ego, Superego (自我、本我、超我)
精神层次理论: Conscious, Preconscious , Unconscious (意识、前意识、潜意识)
心理治疗法: Free Association, Dream Interpretation, Transference(自由联想、释梦、移情)
Some Ideas of Sigmund Freud
Pleasure Principle
and
Reality Principle
Pleasure Principle
In Freudian psychology, the pleasure principle is the instinctual seeking of pleasure and avoiding of pain in order to satisfy biological and psychological needs. Specifically, the pleasure principle is the driving force guiding the id.
Reality Principle
In Freudian psychology, the reality principle is the ability of the mind to assess the reality of the external world, and to act upon it accordingly, as opposed to acting on the pleasure principle.
快乐原则与现实原则
婴儿的初级心理系统的特点是顺从心理冲动、追求快乐,这就是快乐原则;

同时,人生活在社会中,道德、法律等都要求人们克制本能冲动,适应现实生活,否则不但得不到快乐,反而会痛苦,这就是现实原则。

快乐原则和现实原则是弗洛伊德早期精神分析理论主要观点之一。
Throughout childhood, children learn how to control their urges and behave in ways that are socially appropriate. Researchers have found that children who are better at delaying gratification may have better defined egos.

Because they tend to be more concerned with things such as social appropriateness and responsibility. Most adults have developed the capacity for the reality principle in their ego. They have learned to override the constant and immediate gratification demands of the id.
Pleasure Principle 
vs. 
Reality Principle
Comparison
Similarity:
Both the reality principle and pleasure principle pursue personal gratification.
Difference:
The reality principle is more focused on the long-term and is more goal-oriented while the pleasur