文档介绍：A GLIMPSE AT MATERNITY NURSING in the 21st CENTURY
K. L. Ringgenberg, RNC, MSN, WHNP
Shanghai Jiao Tong University SON
April 5, 2006
Maternity Nursing in the 21st Century
Antepartum Care
Intrapartum Care
Technology in OB
“Partum”
Parturition: birth
Partum: regarding time period to the birth
Antepartum: before birth or prenatal
Intrapartum: during the birth process
Postpartum: after the birth (usually regarded as the first 30 days)
Antepartum Care in the 21st Century
Care beginning before the birth
“Prenatal” care
History of Antepartum Care
Prior to 1925, no formal practice of antepartum care.
2nd Century-warned against violent movements to prevent ROM, sexual intercourse harmful to pregnancy
1513-first published OB text (Germany)
1700s-forceps invented, male midwife developed theories for midwives in London
1700s into 1800s-births attended by munity in US due to price
History- continued
20th Century-at the turn of the century, 50% of births in US conducted by midwives
Fast Facts-Maternal
1900-maternal death rate 6-9/1000 USA
40% of those deaths were due to infection
2004-death rate at ~8-9/100,000 USA
1989-maternal death rate in China 95/100,000
2004-,000
Fast Facts-Infants
1900-30% of infants in USA major cities died before 1st birthday
2000s-infant mortality rate~7/1000 USA
<1950’s-infant mortality rate 300/1000 China
2001-33/1000 in China (reportedly as low as 5/1000 in Beijing and Shanghai)
20th Century Influences
High infant & maternal mortality rates
1914-coined term “nurse midwife”
Today-nurse midwife is defined as a RN with an advanced certification and master’s degree in midwifery
1925-Children’s Bureau in the US mended antepartum care to decrease mortality rates