文档介绍：现在分词用法归纳
modified by lex
一、现在分词的结构
二、现在分词的结构含义
三、现在分词的句法功能
四、独立主格结构
五、现在分词的主动表被动含义
知识提纲
一、现在分词的结构
主动形式
被动形式
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
否定式:在现在分词的前面直接加not
。一般式用来指和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为;完成式(having + 过去分词)用来指在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如:
Being a student, he was interested in books.
Having studied in university for 3 years, he knows the way very well.
二、现在分词的结构含义
。当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时,分词用被动语式;如果强调分词的动作先于谓语的动作,就用分词完成式被动形式。如:
The question being discussed is important.
Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.
【注】:being done 不能作状语
having been done 不能作定语
分词不管充当什么成分,都和所修饰的名词或者代词或者句子的主语形成主谓关系。
分词短语作定语时,分词短语放在被修饰的名词之后;单个分词作定语时,放在被修饰的名词之前。相当于定语从句。如:
The man standing by the windows is our teacher. (standing 和所修饰的man形成主谓关系)
In the following years he worked even harder.
三、现在分词的句法功能
〓 who is standing by the windows
〓 In the years that followed
His son was . The old man felt unhappy.
His son was , so he regretted not having prepared much for the test.
。V-ing表示动作正在进行。V-ed表示动作已完成,不表被动。
rising/risen, falling/fallen, developing /developed , changing/ changed, fading /faded, boiled/ boiling ,drowning/ drowned
China is a developing country. (发展中的)
America is a developed country. (发达的)
disappointing
disappointed
boiling water
boiled water
fading flowers
faded flowers
a drowning man
a drowned man
falling leaves
fallen leaves
a retired worker
an escaped prisoner
returned students
正在沸腾的
已经沸腾过的
正在凋谢的
已经凋谢的
快要淹死的
已经淹死的
正在飘落的树叶
落叶
退休工人
逃犯
归国留学生
分词作定语相当于定语从句
(1).The boy sitting under that tree is my brother.
The boy who is sitting under that tree is my brother.
I know the people building the house there.
I know the people who are building the house there