文档介绍：伏羲庙与伏羲城探源
摘要:甘肃天水是国家历史文化名城,明清以来“五城相连”的形制别具一格,为人津津乐道。五城之中小西关城最小,而其中建有规模宏大的人文始祖伏羲祭祀庙宇――太昊宫,于是小西关城也就有了伏羲城之称。此城恬淡雅静,人文气息浓郁,有“天水圣域”之誉。就伏羲城和秦州五城的关系、伏羲城的始建时间、伏羲城的重修及功能分区等做系统考察,以为进一步开发伏羲庙历史文化街区提供借鉴。
关键词:天水;秦州;五城;伏羲庙;伏羲城
Abstract:Tianshui in Gansu Province, one of the national famous historical and cultural cities of China, is talked with great relish for its unique architectural form of “five districts connected together” since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Of five districts, the District of Small Xiguan is the smallest, but in it the Taihao Palace with a grand scale, was built as the temple for the sacrifice of Fuxi, so the District of Small Xiguan is also called the District of Fuxi. It is praised as “the holy district of Tianshui” for its indifference to fame or gain, refinedness, quiet and strong atmosphere of humanistic spirit. This paper is to make a systematic investigation of its relationship with the other four districts, founding time, rebuilding and functional subareas so as to provide reference for further developing the historical and cultural block of the Fuxi Temple.
Key words: Tianshui;Qinzhou District;five districts;Fuxi Temple;Fuxi District
中图分类号:TU021文献标识码:A
文章编号:1674-4144(2011)-06-37(5)
1伏羲城因伏羲庙而得名
伏羲城本名小西关城,在西关城之西,形制较西关城小,故名;又因雄伟壮丽的伏羲庙位居其中,小西关城就又有了既俗又雅的别称――伏羲城。
康熙《秦州志?庙坛》说:“太昊庙,在西郭,另有城”。
乾隆《直隶秦州新志?建置》说:“太昊庙,在小西关,南向。”
民国《天水乡土教材?古迹》说:“小西关,俗称羲皇故里。中称太昊宫,颇钜丽。”
民国《天水指南?古迹名迹》说:“太昊宫,即伏羲庙,在伏羲城内。”
列举这些资料可以清楚地看出,伏羲庙与伏羲城即小西关城相伴依存的关系。一句话,城因庙名。也可以清楚地看出,起码从民国上溯至清初,小西关均可以用“伏羲城”代称之。
读天水旧志人物传,有一种感觉,时人偏好以“伏羲城”称小西关居民里籍。《秦州直隶州新志续编》人物编“赵廷璧传”说:“赵廷璧,字连城,伏羲城人。”又,本志之“关镛传”言及伏羲城私塾情况时说:“伏羲城诸生徐顺天,字豫一……亦教授里中”。而里中之人亦以邻伏羲庙而居为荣,有意无意的用“伏羲城”代替“小西关”。如数代居住小西关城的前清进士任承允先生《感兴》诗有云:“依然吾里号羲皇,欲买鹤田筑鹿场。”字里行间能感觉到老先生作为羲里人的自豪感。
总体而言,小西关城既没有西关繁华,也不及东关、大城气派。但是,其庙城的特色自有鲜明之处。城小庙大,于是“羲皇里”的氛围也就浓了。据世居伏羲城的李振翼先生回忆:“过去西关西城门排洪沟上设有一桥,桥洞上嵌名曰‘压州桥’,桥旁有碑,竖书‘伏羲故里’四个大字……城之西垣城门俗称‘西稍门’,外城门额榜书‘羲皇都’,内门额书‘羲皇里’”[1]。正是因为有这样浓郁的“羲皇里”氛围,就使后人有了一种误解,以为庙城一起,同时创建。其实,创设于明成化十九年(
1483年)的伏羲庙始