文档介绍：Chapter Six
Demand
需求函数的静态比较分析
What Do We Do in This Chapter?
We parative statics analysis of ordinary demand functions -- the study of how ordinary demands x1*(p1,p2,y) and x2*(p1,p2,y) change as prices p1, p2 and e y change.
Theoretically, nothing new.
Own-Price Changes
How does x1*(p1,p2,y) change as p1 changes, holding p2 and y constant?
Suppose only p1 increases, from p1’ to p1’’ and then to p1’’’.
x1*(p1’’’)
x1*(p1’)
x1*(p1’’)
p1
x1*(p1’)
x1*(p1’’’)
x1*(p1’’)
p1’
p1’’
p1’’’
x1*
Own-Price Changes
Ordinary demand curve modity 1
Fixed p2 and y.
x1*(p1’’’)
x1*(p1’)
x1*(p1’’)
p1
x1*(p1’)
x1*(p1’’’)
x1*(p1’’)
p1’
p1’’
p1’’’
x1*
Own-Price Changes
Ordinary demand curve modity 1
p1 price offer curve
Fixed p2 and y.
Own-Price Changes
The curve containing all the utility-maximizing bundles traced out as p1 changes, with p2 and y constant, is the p1- price offer curve.
The plot of the x1-coordinate of the p1- price offer curve against p1 is the ordinary demand curve modity 1.
The Case of Cobb-Douglas Utility Function
Take Then the ordinary demand functions modities 1 and 2 are
Own-Price Changes
and
Notice that x2* does not vary with p1 so the p1 price offer curve is flat and the ordinary demand curve modity 1 is a rectangular hyperbola.
x1*(p1’’’)
x1*(p1’)
x1*(p1’’)
Own-Price Changes
Fixed p2 and y.
x1*(p1’’’)
x1*(p1’)
x1*(p1’’)
p1
x1*
Own-Price Changes
Ordinary demand curve modity 1 is
Fixed p2 and y.