文档介绍：1
泌尿系统The Urinary System
复旦大学上海医学院
解剖与组织胚胎学系
李文生
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Composition and Function
肾(kidney)- forms urine.
输尿管(ureter) - conducts
urine from Kidneys to
bladder.
膀胱(bladder)-receives and
stores urine.
尿道(urethra)-conducts urine
from bladder to
exterior of body.
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肾Kidney

成对、蚕豆形、红褐色
上端宽薄、下端窄厚
前面圆钝、后面扁平
外侧缘凸隆、内侧缘中部凹陷
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内侧缘中部凹陷
肾门(Renal hilum)-a vertical slit on the medial border of kidney.
肾蒂(Renal pedicle)-the structures which enter and leave the renal hilum is called. including the renal vein, renal artery, renal pelvis, lymphatic vessels and nerves.
肾蒂的结构顺序
A-P: V. A. P.
S- I : A. V. P.
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肾窦(Renal sinus)
-which is the renal hilum leads into a space within the kidney.
- is occupied by the renal vessels and branches、 minor renal calices、 major renal calices、renal pelvis and some adipose tissue.
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2. 肾的构造
肾皮质(Renal cortex)
红褐色、富含血管、细小颗粒(肾小体)
肾柱(renal columns)
肾髓质(Renal medulla)
色淡、小的管道
肾锥体(Renal pyramids): 15-20
肾乳头(Renal papilla)
乳头孔
肾小盏(Minor renal calices):7-8
肾大盏(Major real calices): 2-3
肾盂(Renal pelvis)
前后扁平、漏斗状
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腹腔后上部,脊柱两旁,
是腹膜外位器官;
左高右低,八字形
左肾:T12~L3椎体上缘
右肾:T12~L3椎体下缘
第十二肋斜过左肾后面中部、右肾后面上部
肾门:平对L1椎体,距正中
线约5cm
肾区:竖脊肌外侧缘与第12
肋的夹角部位
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Left kidney lies at the level from the lower border of T11 to L2; the 12th rib is behind its middle part of the post surface.
Right kidney lies slightly lower than the left kidney, at the level from the lower border of T12 to L3; the 12th rib is behind its upper part of the post surface.
Renal hilum at the level of L1, is about 5cm from the posterior median line.
Renal region-the area between 12th rib and the lateral margin of erector spinae.
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4. 肾的被膜
纤维囊(Fibrous capsule)
-a strong fibrous capsule which strips easily from a normal kidney surface but adheres firmly to an that has been inflamed.
脂肪囊(Adipose capsule)
-a thick adipose connective tissue capsule, surrounds the fibrous capsule. It acts as a shock absorber to protect the kidney from jolting and jarring.
肾筋膜(Renal fascia)