文档介绍：外文题目: Road safety in less-motorized environments: future concerns
出处: Int J Epidemiol. 2002 Jun;31(3):527-32.
作者: Dinesh Mohan
原文:
Abstract
In the last three decades, the incidence of traffic crash fatalities and injuries has been reduced significantly in the high-e countries but not in the low- and middle-e countries. The traffic patterns in the former are not only different but are also plex than those in the latter. Traffic in low-e prises a much higher share of vulnerable road users and so vehicles, roads and the environment have to be designed for their safety. Solutions for such problems are not readily available and very innovative work needs to be done around the world to arrive at new policies and designs. In addition to crashworthiness of vehicles, transportation planning, exposure control, intelligent separation of non-motorized traffic on major roads, and traffic calming are likely to play a much more important role.
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Recent estimates of national economic loss due to road traffic injuries show that these range from 1% to 2% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of nations around the The estimates for less-motorized countries as a per cent of GDP are in general lower than those in high-e countries. We need to be careful in drawing conclusions from such numbers, as recent estimates for high-e countries are based on more detailed prehensive calculations including the willingness to pay, quality-adjusted life years and disability-adjusted life years, etc. On the other hand, to the best of our knowledge, such concepts have not been used in making estimates in less-motorized countries.
Studies from less-motorized countries also report that road traffic injury patients can occupy 30–70% of orthopaedic beds in hospitals. Road traffic injuries are also a major cause of orthopaedic and mental disabilities. The experience of munities in coping with medical catastrophes is very different tha