文档介绍：外文文献原文
Title: Competitiveness and External Trade Performance of the French Manufacturing Industry
Material Source: ./content/lt9170358591h817/
Author: Pierre·Richard
The concept petitiveness continues to be the subject of much debate in industrial countries, in large part because of its perceived importance in determining activity in the tradable goods sector and the overall performance of the economy. Krugman(1994), in particular, has argued forcefully that the notion petitiveness has been used incorrectly in discussions of economic problems that are primarily due to domestic factors.
It is well recognized that the concept petitiveness passes a large variety of factors in addition to changes in nominal exchange rates, relative prices and production costs. Product differentiation, for instance, plays an important role in petitive strategies of enterprises. Productivity growth, reliability, delivery times, quality, after-sales service, financing arrangements, technological innovation, investment in physical and human capital, and the institutional and structural environment are all factors that need to be taken into account in assessing petitiveness of a particular country. However, because many of these factors are qualitative in nature – such as product quality and enterprise management style – investigators have often focused on more easily qu