文档介绍：该【雅思Test-3-Passage-3-阅读译文 】是由【海洋里徜徉知识】上传分享，文档一共【4】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【雅思Test-3-Passage-3-阅读译文 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。(完整word版)雅思Test 3 Passage 3 阅读译文
(完整word版)雅思Test 3 Passage 3 阅读译文
(完整word版)雅思Test 3 Passage 3 阅读译文
When evolution works against us
当进化背离我们
A Life has changed in just about every way since small tribes of hunter—gatherers roamed the earth armed with nothing but spears and stone tools。 We now buy our meat from the supermarket rather than stalking it through the jungle; houses and high—rises shelter us at night instead of caves. But despite these changes， some very basic responses linger on。 The short， sharp feeling of heightened awareness that sweeps through us when a stranger passes in a dark alley is no different， physiologically speaking, from the sensation our ancestors experienced when they were walking through the bushes and heard a dry twig snap nearby. It’s called the 'fight or flight' response， and it helps us to identify dangerous situations and act decisively by, as the name suggests， mustering our strength for a confrontation or running away as fast as we can.
自那些仅以长矛石器为装备的小规模的狩猎聚居部落游走于这地球上以来，,我们不去丛林中打猎，而是去超市买肉;我们也不再去洞穴里过夜，，,我们会突然提高警惕，“战斗"或者“逃跑”反应。它会帮助我们判断危险,并作出相应的决定。顾名思义，也就是集中力量进行对抗或是以最快的速度逃走。
B This shift to survival mode is often popularly described as a sudden unease， a sense that a situation is 'off’ or ’not right’. However， the sense is actually the outcome of an incredibly complex mind—body process which involves the brain's 'fear centre'， the hypothalamus, advising the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal-cortical system to work, at first separately, and then together, to blend a potent mix of hormones and chemicals and secrete them into the bloodstream. Our heartbeat rises, along with our respiratory rate。 Skin feels cold (hence the 'shiver’ down the spine） as blood supply is redirected to the larger muscles required for a physical confrontation or a hasty retreat。 The ability to concentrate on issues of minor importance also suffers， as the brain tends to prioritise 'big picture' thinking at this time.
(完整word版)雅思Test 3 Passage 3 阅读译文
(完整word版)雅思Test 3 Passage 3 阅读译文
(完整word版)雅思Test 3 Passage 3 阅读译文
这种求生的转变经常被认作是关乎这个处境是该“逃”还是该“打”的一种突发的不自在。但是,这种感觉实际上是源自一种非常复杂的思维-行动过程。该过程牵扯到头脑的“恐惧中心",开始二者分开工作，之后一起工作。并由此产生一种有效的混合激素和化学物质，最后分泌到全身血液循环中。随着呼吸频率的增加，我们的心跳开始加快。届时，由于血液供应改道，流向那些机体对抗或仓促撤退所需的大型肌肉群，皮肤就会感到寒冷(脊背发凉)。这个时候，大脑会更倾向于将全局思考放在首位，于是对于其他次要问题的注意力就会有所下降.
C Without this instinctive response, the human race would never have survived, but at present it is often more of a hindrance than a help。 Although instances of physical threats have decreased over the years， activation of the fight or flight response has actually increased, largely in response to mental frustrations。 This poses a problem, however， because the fight or flight mechanism functions most helpfully as a response to something that can cause bodily harm， such as a falling tree or a wild animal, rather than in response to a fulminating boss， a traffic jam， or a spouse who has not returned a phone call。 During these instances of mental distress， the physical manifestations of fight or flight, such as an inability to think rationally and calmly， can actually exacerbate the problem。
如果没有这种本能反应，人类不可能存活到今天。但如今，这种本能反应多数情况下却成了一种阻碍，，尽管物理威胁的事例有所减少,但事实上打架对抗的活动是增加了，,因为这种对抗或者对抗机制只有在应对那些能造成有形伤害的事情—-比如说一棵快倒掉的树，一种濒危的野生动物——才能起到有益的作用，而不能良好用于一个严词谴责的老板，一次交通拥堵或一个没有回电话的配偶。在这些精神痛苦的期间，各种身体对抗表现，比如说理智冷静思考的欠缺，都会加剧这一问题。
D A similar case of an development overstaying its welcome is the example of 'mind chatter’。 Mind chatter is the ceaseless train of scattered thoughts and self—talk that occupies our mind, ensuring we are always 'switched on: searching for danger and threats。 This would have been a boon for a solitary caveman on a three—hour hunting expedition, but in a modern world already overloaded with sensory input， it causes us to fret about non— existent predicaments and occasionally needlessly triggers the fight or flight response.
(完整word版)雅思Test 3 Passage 3 阅读译文
(完整word版)雅思Test 3 Passage 3 阅读译文
(完整word版)雅思Test 3 Passage 3 阅读译文
类似而言，一次改革发展超过其受欢迎的时间也是“头脑喋喋不休”的一个例子。:不停地寻找危险。这对一个正处于三小时狩猎之行的穴居人来说,可能会是一种恩惠。但在一个超负荷运转的现代世界中，它却使我们为不存在的困境担忧,偶尔还会导致一些不必要的斗争.
E These twin forces， mind chatter and the fight or flight response， have combined to wreak havoc on the modern psyche and have led to a spike in what some studies have suggested is a cause of up to eighty per cent of all illness today: stress. Stress， erroneously considered by many to be a mere feeling, is actually a physiological condition resulting from a cumulative accrual of certain hormones in the body， hormones that can help us in quick, sharp doses， but which are toxic if they are not properly metabolised. Metabolism of these potentially toxic hormones relies on physical exertion, which originally evolved as part of the fight or flight process — hormone release was usually followed by physical exertion (fighting or running）, which returned the body to a state of balance。 In present day encounters, however， the vital element of physical exertion is missing: a resentful employee cannot punch his co— worker, for example, and a frustrated driver is unable to simply ram his way through a packed intersection.
头脑的喋喋不休和身体的负隅顽抗，这两种力量共同发泄了对现代心理的惶惑,并由此导致压力。而研究表明，现今80％以上的疾病都是由压力导致的。很多人错误地认为压力仅仅是一种感觉，事实上,它是人体内某种激素累积形成的一种生理状态。该激素含量的迅速增加对我们是有所帮助的，但如果不能正常地代谢，,这在最初是被视作对抗过程的一部分。激素得以释放之后就是机体的行动（即对抗或者逃走)，这个过程会让整个身体又重新回到平衡状态。但是在今天的对抗中,机体行动最关键的因素正在消失——一个愤怒的职员不能打他的同事,一个挫败的司机也不可能从拥挤的十字路口挤出去。
F What can be done to restore the balance？ Stress researcher Neil F. Neimarck, perhaps not surprisingly， recommends physical exercise as one useful strategy. Fortunately, the brain is not clever enough to realise that this exercise is completely unrelated to the original stress stimulus, and in this way we can effectively ’fool' our bodies into metabolising stress hormones by punching a boxing bag instead of the person who annoyed us in the first place。 Another option is the 'relaxation response’， discovered by Harvard cardiologist Herbert Benson. Benson found that certain behaviours, such as deep breathing, meditation, and the repetition of simple，
(完整word版)雅思Test 3 Passage 3 阅读译文
(完整word版)雅思Test 3 Passage 3 阅读译文
(完整word版)雅思Test 3 Passage 3 阅读译文
affirmative phrases， acted as an antidote to mind chatter and the fight or flight responses, calming the nervous system and inducing a relaxed state of mind and body instead. Integrating these methods into our lives will be important if the cycle of stress accumulation that is so endemic in modern Western society is to be stopped。
那么，又该如何恢复这种平衡呢？压力研究者Neil F. Neimarck建议，体育运动是一个行之有效的方法。有幸的是,，“放松反应"。本森发现,一些特定的行为，比如说深呼吸、沉思、简单行为的重复、肯定的言语,都能够拯救头脑的喋喋不休和身体的负隅顽抗，同时还能平复紧张的神经，，那么将这些方法综合应用于我们的生活中就显得尤为重要。