文档介绍：Myers’ PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 1
Thinking Critically with Psychological Science
The Need for Psychological Science
Psychologists, like all scientists, use the scientific method to construct theories anize observations and imply testable hypotheses
The Need for Psychological Science
Hindsight Bias
we tend to believe, after learning an e, that we would have foreseen it
the “I-knew-it-all-along” phenomenon
Overconfidence
we tend to think we know more than we do
The Need for Psychological Science
Critical Thinking
thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions
examines assumptions
discerns hidden values
evaluates evidence
The Amazing Randi--Skeptic
The Need for Psychological Science
Theory
an explanation using an integrated set of principles anizes and predicts observations
Hypothesis
a testable prediction
often implied by a theory
The Need for Psychological Science
The Need for Psychological Science
Operational Definition
a statement of procedures (operations) used to define research variables
Example-
intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures
The Need for Psychological Science
Replication
repeating the essence of a research study to see whether the basic finding generalizes to other participants and circumstances
usually with different participants in different situations
Description
Psychologists describe behavior using case studies, surveys, and naturalistic observation
Description
Case Study
Psychologists study one or more individuals in great depth in the hope of revealing things true of us all
Is language uniquely human?