文档介绍：上海交通大学硕士学位论文《实践论》与中国传统知行观
《实践论》与中国传统知行观
摘要

《实践论》的诞生是对中国共产党人从 1921 年到 1935 年所走过的曲折道路的
历史经验的总结,是对教条主义的清算,是应时代所需而产生的。同时,它是在俄
国十月革命之后,马克思主义传播到中国,经过中国进步人士的继承和改造,逐步
为中国人所接受。而毛泽东同志则是其中一位卓越的代表,他吸取中国传统的知行
观中的精华部分,站在马克思主义科学认识论的基础上,把它们糅合成具有中国特
色和中国气派的《实践论》。
《实践论》首先继承了马克思、恩格斯以及列宁实践观,从而奠定了《实践论》
理论基础。中国古代孔子的“知行”分离、“学”在“行”中说;孟子的“知先行后、
知行分离”论;荀子的“行高于知,知明而行”的知行统一观;韩非子的“言必责
其用,行必求其功”学说等等先秦诸子对《实践论》的形成有着重要的启示作用。
汉代董仲舒、王充等人的思想也为它的形成提供理论支持;然后,《实践论》对佛家
禅宗知行说领悟之后,又借鉴了宋明理学的知行说,糅合了近代哲学史上知行理论。
这些传统文化中的知行观都成了《实践论》吸取营养的重要理论源泉。
由中西合璧产生的《实践论》,是对马克思主义认识论的新发展,也是一种新的
方法论。所以,当用它来反观历史上传统哲学、考察其得与失时,就有了《实践论》
对中国传统哲学的超越:以“实践”***“行”的涵义局限;知识来源的认识分歧
历史;认识真理性标准的古今演变;从认识的辩证发展过程看“格物致知”。在回顾
历史,展望未来的过程中展现了《实践论》的意义:开马克思主义中国化之先河;
对西方理性主义的超越;为邓小平在新时代的“猫论”和“摸论”的形成作了理论
铺垫。

关键词: 实践论知行观实践知行

1
上海交通大学硕士学位论文《实践论》与中国传统知行观
ON PRACTICE AND CHINESE TRADITIONAL THEORY ON
KNOWING AND DOING

ABSTRACT

The On Practice was the summarization that munist summarized the
lessons which they had experienced from 1921 to 1935. And it was a reckoning on
dogmatism and was demanded for that time. At the same time, e into being because
Marxism was spreaded into China behind Russian October Revolution. Comrade Mao
Zedong of the preeminent representative of munist inherited marxism and
reformed it. Furthermore, he absorbed the prime part of Chinese traditional views of
knowing and doing. At last posed them into On Practice with Chinese
characteristics and manner.
After Mao Zedong inherited the practice theory of Marx、Engels and Lenin, the
theory became the academic foundation of On Practice. In Chinese ancient times , the
theories of “knowing and doing are separate” by Confucius , “doing follows knowing”
by Mencius,“doing is superior to knowing” by Xuncius, “words and doing must be
effective” by Han Fei and the other Pre-Qin times’ Schools of Various Thoughts,
contributed to the formation of On Practice. People's thought such as the Han Dynasty
Dong Zhongshu、Wan