文档介绍：低温发展史及获得方法
巨永林
上海交通大学制冷与低温工程研究所
机械与动力工程学院A楼412室
**********,******@sjtu.
制取和运输冰块
原始制冰机(1880年)
Delivery of Cold (1900)
Unloading barges
into local ice storage
Local delivery by ice wagon
The local
ice man
Home ice box
Ice harvesting
User
Source
Unloading barges
into local ice storage
Local delivery by ice truck
The local
ice man
Ice plant
Electric power plant
Home ice box
User
Power
lines
Delivery of Cold (1920)
Unloading barges
into local ice storage
Local delivery by ice truck
The local
ice man
Ice plant
Electric power plant
Home refrigerator
User
Power
lines
First coupling of refrigerator to application
Delivery of Cold (1930)
Refrigerator Problems
$714
$450
1922 Cost
1922 Model-T Ford
1922 Repair
Every 3 months
Average salary: $2000/yr
1935 Repair
Toxic refrigerant leaks
led to some deaths
Advances
Repairman bored
1877 Pictet (法)空气液化器
Sir James Dewar 1890年:低温真空夹套容器,保持低温Dewar(杜瓦)
低温杜瓦
1895 Linde(德)空气液化器
Delivery of Cold (Cryogenics)Air Liquefaction and Separation
100 t/d of O2
Typical Plant
US Production
3000 t/d (1955)
1910 Plant
2 t/d O2
Welding
Welding, O2 steel
furnace (1954)
Air liquefier 1910
Air separation XB-98 @ Institute WV
1895
Linde O2 liquefier
10 L/hr
Linde-2stage-
1950s Plant