文档介绍：chapter 4 syntax
--sentence pattern of language
---formation of sentences
1
syn___together tax __to arrange
4 approaches:
1 traditional approach
2 structural ~ (Saussure)
3 Transformational-generative ~(Chomsky)
4 Functional ~ (Halliday)
2
1 traditional approach
Category
1 number
2 gender
3 case
4 agreement
3
2 structural approach (Saussure)
1 positional relation (syntagmatic)
2 relation of Substitutability (paradigmatic)
3 relational Co-occurrence
4
4 Immediate Constituents
4. 1 the linear and hierarchical structures of sentences
A:
The linear(线性) word order of a sentence
1The student likes the new linguistic book.
2 John ,Mary and Susan went to the linguistic lecture.
3 John suggested that Mary take the linguistic class
5
B:The hierarchical(层次性) structure of a sentence
/ student likes/ the new/ linguistic book.
2 John ,Mary /and Susan went to /the linguistic lecture.
3 John suggested /that Mary take /the linguistic class.
6
1The student// likes/ the new linguistic book.
2 John ,Mary a