文档介绍：Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and secondly in terms of style.
——Eugene A. Nida
翻译就是用接受语言复制出与原语信息最接近的自然对等体——首先是就意义而言, 其次是就其风格而言。
三个优点:
明确了要译的是什么——信息(message)
暗示了语言文化上的差异, 原文和译文只能相对对等——最接近的(closest)
考虑了译文的可接受性——自然(natural)
Three important words: Textual Natural Flavor (style)
翻译学 Translatology 翻译研究 Translation Studies 翻译过程translating translation 译作 translation 翻译 translator 译者
翻译科学the science of translation 翻译艺术 the art of translation
翻译研究translation studies 翻译学 translatology
intralingual translation语内翻译Interlingual translation语际翻译
intersemoitic translation符际翻译
As for its theme(翻译材料的文体特点):
literary translation; non -literary translation 前者重情感与审美,后者重信息与事实
As for its forms of activity, (活动方式或手段)
Oral (interpretation): instantaneous /consecutive (连续或即席;交替传译); simultaneous (同声传译). Conference Interpreting; Personal Interpreting(随从); Liaison Interpreting (活动性质)
Written translation: whole text literature, pragmatic excerpt, summary, adapted translation and rewriting in another language
Machine translation
As for its mode(模式或翻译活动的处理方式):
全译、摘译、编译、译写、译评、
缩译、综译、改译、阐译等。
英国历史学教授泰特勒(A. F. Tytler)在18世纪提出的翻译三原则
1. That the translation should give plete transcript of the ideas of the original work. 译文应完整地再现原文地思想内容
2. That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original. 译文的风格、笔调应与原文的性质相同
3. That the translation should have all the ease of the position.
译文应像原文一样流畅自然
“等值论”:以前苏联的费道罗夫为代表的:“等值翻译就是表达的原文思想内容完全准确并在修辞上、作用上与原文完全一致。”
“等效论”:奈达先生的“动态对等”(dynamic equivalence) 及“功能对等”(functional equivalence)学说,强调读者反应,即译文读者对译文所产生的反应与原文读者对原文所作出的反应基本一致
History of Argument
“案本——求真——神似——化境”
严复“信、达、雅”(求信)
王佐良的阐释
信:为读者准确传达原作的内容
达:尽量运用他们所****见的表达方式
雅:通过艺术地再现和加强原作的风格特色来吸引他们
林语堂“忠、顺、美”鲁迅“宁信不顺”
瞿秋白“信顺统一”傅雷“形似神似”
钱钟书“入化境界”
It may be safely assumed that, two thousand years ago, before Caesar set foot in sou