文档介绍：主谓语一致
主谓一致基本原则
1. 语法一致的原则:根据主语的语法性质决定其谓语动词的单、复数形式。这是正式、权威的原则。
2. 意义一致的原则:根据主语的内涵决定其谓语动词的单、复数形式。
1) 单数主语采用复数谓语动词:
The team are having fun. (team作为集体名词。)
2) 复数主语采用单数谓语动词:The works was built in 1970.
(works作factory解时为单、复数同形。)
3) 同一词做主语,分别采用单数或复数谓语动词:
All possible means have been adopted.
Every means has been tried.
3. 就近原则:谓语动词根据其前面最临近的名/代词的数的形式,而非真正主语的数来决定其自身的单、复数:
there is a dog and two kittens under the tree.
主谓一致—关键:主语的单复数
主谓一致的关键问题是确定主语的数。要把“主语”同“主语部分”严格分开,即确定主语的数的时候,要首先确定主语本身, 去除定语等附加的部分。
一般说来,究竟何时采用何种原则,应视英语****惯用法而定。但在实际使用中,如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时,遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法。
主谓一致--复合主语的数的确定:关键的连接词 1
1. 由and连接的并列主语。
1)非同位语等立关系主语---复数
A. 由and连接的几个不同人、事物:
John and Mary are ready. (=John is ready. Mary is ready.)
B. 被由and连接的并列定语所修饰的一个单数名词.:
The red and the white rose are beautiful.
(=The red rose is beautiful. The white rose is beautiful)
C. 被由and连接的并列定语所修饰的一个不可数名词:
Chinese and Japanese silk are much better than Italian.
(=Chinese silk is much better than Italian.
Japanese silk is much better than Italian.)
2. 主谓一致--复合主语的数的确定:关键的连接词
2)同位语等立关系主语---单数
A. 指同一对象,表示单一概念:
The teacher and writer is a kind man.
B. 表示单一概念的由数词+名词的词组:
Ten pounds is not much for all the trouble we had.
There is two miles to go.
必背: 英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有:
iron and steel   钢铁 a needle and thread 针线
aim and end   目的
going to bed early and getting up early 早睡早起
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