文档介绍：Chapter 13 Transportation in the Supply Chain
Supply Chain Management (3rd Edition)
14-1
Outline
The role of transportation in the supply chain
Factors affecting transportation decisions
Modes of transportation and their performance characteristics
Design options for a work
Trade-offs in transportation design
Tailored transportation
Routing and scheduling in transportation
Making transportation decisions in practice
2
Factors Affecting Transportation Decisions
Carrier (party that moves or transports the product)
Vehicle-related cost
Fixed operating cost
Trip-related cost
Shipper (party that requires the movement of the product between two points in the supply chain)
Transportation cost
Inventory cost
Facility cost
3
Transportation Modes
Trucks
Rail
Air
Package Carriers
Water
Pipeline
4
Truck
Average revenue per ton-mile (1996) = cents
Average haul = 646 miles
Higher fixed costs (terminals) and low variable costs
Major issues:
Location of consolidation facilities
Utilization
Vehicle routing
Customer service
5
Rail
Average revenue / ton-mile (1996) = cents
Average haul = 720 miles
Average load = 80 tons
Key issues:
Scheduling to minimize delays / improve service
Off-track delays (at pickup and delivery end)
Yard operations
Variability of delivery times
6
Air
Key issues:
Location/number of hubs
Location of fleet bases/crew bases
Schedule optimization
Fleet assignment
Crew scheduling
Yield management
7
Package Carriers
Companies like FedEx, UPS, USPS, that carry small packages ranging from letters to shipments of about 150 pounds
Expensive
Rapid and reliable delivery
Small and time-sensitive shipments
Preferred mode for e-businesses (., Amazon, Dell, McMaster-Carr)
Consolidation of shipments (especially important for package carriers that use air as a primary method of transport)
8
Water
Limited to certain geographic areas
Ocean, inland waterway system, coastal waters
Very large loads at very low cost
Slowest
Dominant in global tra