文档介绍：pounds
-----derivatives of the hydrocarbon
Derivatives of the hydrocarbons are formed, by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms by other groups referred to as functional groups. An alcohol is closely related to a hydrocarbon in that it contains an OH group in place of a hydrogen atom. Thus, methyl alcohol, CH3OH, is a derivative of methane, CH4; and ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH, is a derivative of ethane, C2H6
Alcohols, R-OH
Although all alcohols have one or more OH groups, they differ from bases such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide in that they do not furnish hydroxide ions in water, not do they have the other usual properties of bases.
Methyl alcohol (methanol) produced today is synthesized from either carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide.
Methyl alcohol is a colorless liquid boiling at 65℃. In odor and taste it is similar to ethyl alcohol. Methyl alcohol is very poisonous, however; intoxication, blindness, and death may result when its vapors are breathed in quantities or when the liquid is taken internally. Methyl alcohol is used in the manufacture of formaldehyde and anic products; as a solvent for resins, gums, and shellac; and as a denaturant for ethyl alcohol (to make the ethyl alcohol unfit for human consumption).
Ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH, is the most important of the alcohols. It is also known as grain alcohol, ethanol, or simply as alcohol. It has long been prepared from starch, cellulose, and sugars of certain plants by the process of fermentation. Solutions of alcohol resulting from fermentation contain from 8 to 12 per cent alcohol, but by fractional distillation 95 per cent alcohol can be obtained. Removal of the residual water by distillation over calcium oxide or barium oxide results in the production of absolute alcohol (100%).
Large quantities of ethyl alcohol are produced synthetically from both ethylene or acetylene. Ethyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a characteristic and somewhat pleasant odor. It is miscible with water in all propor