文档介绍：I. Translation Criterion(翻译的标准)
Translation criterion is not only the principle to guide the translation practice but also the important measurement of translation criticism.
Translation Criterion at Home
1. Yan Fu’s faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance
2. Lu Xun’s faithfulness and smoothness
3. Fu Lei’s spiritual likeness
4. Qian Zhongshu’s sublimity (perfection)
5. Mao Dun’s artistic creative translation
“Faithfulness and Smoothness” is our criterion of translation teaching.
Translation Criterion Abroad
1. Tytler’s three principles of translation:
1) The translation should give plete transcript of the ideas of the original work.
2) The style and manner of translated version should be of the same character with that of the original.
3) The translation should have all the ease of position.
2. Eugene A. Nida’s Dynamic Equivalence
II. Translation Process
Deep Structure
语义对应
Surface Structure
Source Language
原语(SL)
Surface Structure
Receptor Language
译语(TL)
理解表达
1. Comprehension (理解)
1)  Comprehension of linguistic level
Let’s look at some examples:
(1) The police went out in force to control the crowd.
译文1:警察出动武力去控制人群。
译文2:警察大批出动去控制人群。
(2)On the walls were the posters proclaiming the goals of the New Society, the need for discipline, increased production.
(原译)墙上满是宣扬新社会目标的广告:加强纪律啦,增加生产啦。
(改译)墙上都是宣传画:新社会的目标啦、加强纪律啦、增产成绩啦。
(3)Bright clouds of may
Shade half the pond.
五月行云明丽
池塘浮影半掩。
prehension of logical level
(1) …a legacy the Professor had left to me, of inestimable value, which could not buy, with which we cannot part.
原译:这也是教授留给我的一份遗产。这份遗产价值连城,我们无法购买。一旦得到,便永远不能分开。
改译:这是教授留给我的一份无价之宝,它无法用金钱买到,可一旦得到它,便会终生受益。
(2)This fish which is cheep but heavily contaminated has been forbidden to be sold. Many persons eating this fish died as a result of poison.
这种鱼虽然便宜但受到严重污染,现已禁止出售。许多人因吃了这种鱼而中毒死亡。