文档介绍：Chapter 7 Hazardous Waste Management
Definition
Transportation
Treatment, Storage, and Disposal
Site Remediation
Hazardous Waste Minimization
Hazardous Wastes: Dangerous wastes/ result in serious illness, injury, or even death of the individuals and populations exposed to them; pose an immediate and significant threat to environmental quality when improperly stored, transported, or disposed of.
Intermingling or mixing of MSW and Hazardous wastes is banned
Form: liquids, solids, sludges, gases
Behavior: surface and groundwater contamination/ emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere
illegal but frequent practice of “midnight dumping”
---special attention are required
How to manage the hazardous wastes?
RCRA: a “cradle-to-grave” system for managing hazardous wastes from its point of origin to its final disposal
从摇篮到坟墓/全过程管理原则
Effective treatment should be emphasised: neutralize or stabilize by changing its chemical or physical characteristics
Waste Minimization/ Source Reduction
Recycling Disposal
options of hazardous management and disposal in order of preference
Eliminate or reduce waste quantities
Reclaim and recycle
-----industrial ecology
Stabilize---nonhazardous
Incinerate
Apply modern land disposal methods after
-----disposal
Definition
cause or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible,
or incapacitating reversible illness; or pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment
when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed
How to identify
List:《国家危险废物名录》
Method of definition: 《危险废物鉴别标准》(GB 5085-1996)
Four primary characteristics:
Toxicity, reactivity, ignitability, corrosivity,
Other: infectious or radioactivity
Toxicity
Poisons:
Acute/chronic/long-term effect
carcinogenic/mutagenic
TCLP: Toxicity characteristics leaching procedure —mobility (mimic conditions in a landfill), allowable concentrations of 39 speci