文档介绍：Chapter 11 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
Characteristics
Collection
Processing
Recycling
Sanitary Landfills
Appreciate a program about an integrated solid waste treatment plant in Germany first and then answer these questions.
Questions:
What materials are solid wastes according to the kinescope?
Which processes are there in the plant?
Do you think which is the most efficient method or process?
Background
Solid Waste: any materials thrown away or discarded as useless and unwanted
Problems:
inadequate solid waste incineration: air pollution
improperly built landfills: soil contamination and surface water and groundwater pollution
——lead to a variety of diseases in humans——threatening public health
Problems:
Rodents and insects may act as vectors of infectious diseases (typhoid, plague, dysentery)
Open dumps: nuisances (odors, fire hazards, and windblown debris)---no longer acceptable
Complication:
Very large and ever-increasing amounts of solid wastes
Difficulty in finding sites---NIMBY
Hazardous waste should be minimized and be disposed of safely and kept out of the municipal waste
Administrative, economic, and political problems
——solid waste management
Solid Waste Management
History
Simply thrown into the unpaved streets
Forbidden in Athens around 320 .
Open pits
City dumps
Collection of garbage near the end of the 1700s
Refuse incinerator in England around 1875---noticeable air pollution
Sanitary landfill (unlined)
Solid Waste Management
Present Situation
Air pollution control devices are required on all incinerators
Municipal sanitary landfills must be lined and have other environmental safeguards
SWDA and RCRA (3R: Reduce/ Recycle/ Recover)
Integrated waste management plan ()
Solid Waste Characteristics
Types: nonhazardous solid waste (Figure )
Refuse:
Garbage: putrescible or highly posable10%
Rubbish: nonputrescible slowly posable bustible
Trash: bulky waste materials (couch, mattress)
Quantities ponents:
Amounts: 20 N/per