文档介绍：摘要
变压吸附技术浓缩甲烷的基本原理是:利用吸附剂在常温和一定压力下对瓦斯气中的甲烷及N2、O2等其它组分的吸附容量不同,将其中的甲烷进行分离浓缩。应用这种方法将含20%甲烷的瓦斯浓缩后,产品中甲烷浓度可达50%以上,产品回收率达90%以上。
采用变压吸附浓缩装置生产的甲烷富产品,低浓度如含甲烷50%左右的产品可作城市煤气使用,含甲烷80%以上的产品可用作化工原料,还可直接用作汽车燃料。
 西南化工研究设计院利用变压吸附气体分离技术对矿井瓦斯的浓缩进行了系列试验,在技术工艺、吸附剂及自动控制等方面取得突破性进展,获得良好效果,并申请了国家专利。河南焦作矿务局采用该技术在1987年建成我国第一套处理瓦斯气量为500m3/h的浓缩工业装置,成功地将瓦斯中的甲烷浓度从20%提高到50%至95%。浓缩后富甲烷的热值与城市煤气和天然气的热值相当,完全可用作燃料和化工原料。
本设计针对毕业设计任务书中所给出的瓦斯气组成和富集要求,结合变压吸附技术现状而设计出的一套较完备的变压吸附系统。做此设计的目的是为开发利用瓦斯气及瓦斯产业做准备。
本设计的主要工作为:
介绍了现有的变压吸附工艺并进行分析,最终采用了四塔一次均压式变压吸附工艺。
介绍了一些主要的吸附装置和类型,比较选择之后确定了吸附塔的类型、流程。
对变压吸附法富集分离瓦斯气中低浓度甲烷工艺的各个子系统进行了介绍并大致确定了本工艺中选用各子系统的的处理流程、装置和设备。
对变压吸附法富集分离瓦斯气中低浓度甲烷工艺的主设备进行详细的工艺计算并进行强度校核。
最后得出总的结论,并提出了工艺中存在的主要问题和几点建议。
关键字:
矿井瓦斯;瓦斯增浓;变压吸附;富集分离
Abstract
The basic principle of methane pressure swing adsorption is described as follows: at room temperature and under certain pressure, using adsorbent can separate methane from N2, O2 and ponents in gas according to their different adsorption capacity. After applying this method to concentrate gas with 20% methane, the methane concentration in product could reach up to 50% with a recovery rate of 90%.
According to reports, methane-rich products produced by PSA concentration plant, such as low concentrations products with about 50% methane can be used for city gas. Products with more than 80% of the methane can be used as chemical raw materials or directly as a vehicle fuel.
Using Gas Separation Technology, Southwest Chemical Engineering Research and Design Institute made a series of tests on concentration of gas in mine. The institute made a breakthrough in the technical process, adsorbent and automatic control, thus achieved a effective results and applied for national patent.
In 1987, Henan Bureau of Mines first built a set of concentration plant with a gas volume is 500m³/h. They eded in increasing the density of methane from 20% to 50% and finally to 95%. The concentrated methane-rich gas has the equivalent heating value of natural gas