文档介绍：《周易》与《黄帝内经》
摘要:中医学理论体系的形成,与中国古代哲学有密切的联系。尤其是
《周易》的自然哲学对中医学理论的奠基之作《黄帝内经》影响巨大,自古即有
医易同源之说。《周易》对《内经》之影响是多方面的,本文仅选择阴阳、变
易、时位中、象数,来探讨二者之间的关系。阴阳导源于《周易》,《内经》在
医学方面作了发展;《内经》对变易运动、时位中概念的吸收,使中医学呈现出
有别于西医学的民族特色;象数是中医学建立理论体系的方法。
关键词:周易;内经;阴阳; 变易;象数
 Abstract:  The forming of the theoretical system of traditional
Chinese medicine was closely linked with ancient Chinese philosophy.
In particular, Zhouyi exerted so great influence on the Internal Canon
of the Yellow Emperor which is considered the foundation classic of
traditional medicine that the saying “traditional Chinese medicine
and Zhouyi share the same origin” became in vogue from the ancient
times even up to now. The Internal Canon of the Yellow Emperor was
impacted by Zhouyi in many aspects of which the author only selected
Ying-yang, changing, appropriate time & place, and image number to
discuss. Yin-yang theory originated from Zhouyi and was improved by
the Internal Canon in traditional medicine. By adopting the concepts
of “changing” and “appropriate time & place”, the Internal Canon
turns out the national characteristic of traditional Chinese medicine
different from western medicine. And the image-number theory was based
on as a mean by traditional Chinese medicine to establish its
theoretic system.
Key words: Zhouyi; the Internal Canon; Yin-yang; changing; image-
number
一、阴阳虽然在《易经》中并没有关于阴阳的直接论述,但阴阳思想无疑
是包含在《易经》中的。构成《易经》符号系统的最基本的要素“—”、“”
作为两个性质相反的东西,代表着宇宙间最基本的两种力量或趋势。由于这两种
初始力量或趋势的相互作用而产生整个宇宙及人类社会。《易经》作者用阴阳爻
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的不同组合构成八经卦和六十四卦,阴阳思想蕴含其中。《易传》微显阐幽,明
确地揭橥出阴阳大义。“一阴一阳之谓道”、“阴阳不测之谓神”,认为宇宙间
最基本的规律就是一阴一阳的对立统一,阴阳对立统一的奇妙作用产生宇宙万
物,所谓“神也者,妙万物而为言者也”(《说卦传》)。《内经》发挥《周
易》的阴阳思想,说:“夫五运阴阳者,天地之道也,万物之纲纪,变化之父
母,生杀之本始,神明之府也,可不通乎!故物生谓之化,物极谓之变,阴阳不
测谓之神,神用无方谓之圣。”(《》)显然,这段论述是对
《易传》阴阳思想的阐发。《内经》认为,阴阳是天地万物的总规律,是天地万
物产生、发展、壮大、衰亡的内在动力,是现象世界纷繁灿烂而又秩然有序的幕
后指挥者。
《周易》和《内经》都认为,阴阳普遍存在于万事万