文档介绍：TOWARD A THEORY OF INTERNATIONALNEW VENTURES
Benjamin M. Oviatt*
ia State University
Patricia Phillips McDougall**
ia Institute of Technology
Abstract. The formation anizations that are international
from inception-international new ventures-is an increasingly
important phenomenon that is incongruent with traditionally
expected characteristics of multinational enterprises. A frame-
work is presented that explains the phenomenon by integrating
international business, entrepreneurship, and strategic manage-
ment theory. That framework describes four necessary and suf-
ficient elements for the existence of international new ventures:
(1) organizational formation through internalization of some
transactions, (2) strong reliance on alternative governance
structures to access resources, (3) establishment of foreign location
advantages, and (4) control over unique resources.
INTRODUCTION
The study of the multinational enterprise (MNE) has focused on large,
mature , many MNEs developed from large, mature,
domestic firms [Chandler 1986], and manded attention because
they wielded significant economic power, especially after World War II
[Buckley & Casson 1976; Dunning 1981; Hennart 1982]. However, recent
technological innovation and the presence of increasing numbers of people
with international business experience have established new foundations for
*BenjaminM. Oviattis AssistantProfessor of Managementat iaState University.
He receivedhis strategicmanagement from the Universityof SouthCarolina.
His research focuses on strategic anizational turnaround, and
internationalnew ventures.
**PatriciaPhillips McDougall is Associate Professorof StrategicManagement at
iaInstitute of Technology. She received her . in strategicmanagement
from the Universityof South researchfocuses primarilyon new and
young firms, with a special emphasison strategiesand inter