文档介绍：摘要

随着科学技术的突飞猛进,机械制造业生产工艺水平不断提高。先进刀具
的大量出现和使用,对机床结构的动态特性也提出更高要求。为满足机床越来
越高的加工性能的要求,机床就必须具备相应良好的结构动态特性。由于计算
机技术、结构动力学理论及实验技术的迅速发展,为机床结构的动态设计提供
了全新的计算机辅助和动态优化设计条件,机床结构动态特性的分析和研究已
成为今天机床行业中新产品研制的重要环节。但在企业实际生产过程中,为提
高产品加工质量,对现有的机床进行全新的计算机辅助和动态优化设计需耗费
大量的经费和技术力量,本文正是通过在现有加工设备基础上,侧重从加工工
艺的角度研究、解决由于振动影响加工质量的问题。为增强刀具及工件刚性、
减小变形、消除振动提出一系列减振、消振的措施和构想,探讨一种经济可行
的加工思路。
本文基于振动结构模态分析技术的理论基础,以机床实际加工过程中镗杆、
刀具及工件构成的闭环动力学系统为研究对象,对镗杆建立了有限元模型。首
先确定结构的振动特性,求解出镗杆前十阶固有频率,并识别出镗杆的前四阶
主要振动模态振型。
在模态分析的基础上,运用大型有限元分析软件 ANSYS,对镗杆的有限元
模型施加稳态正弦扫描激励(持续周期载荷),模拟工况下的稳态受迫振动,对
镗杆进行谐响应分析,找出使镗杆产生最大应力应变值的切削力,为企业实际
生产中合理的切削参数的选择提供了一个参考方向。

关键词:模态分析结构动态特性减振有限元分析
ABSTRACT
With the rapid develepment of science and technology , the
productive technology level of machine building is improving. A plenty
of appearances and using of advanced tools also put forward higher
requirement for the dynamic characteristic of the structure of machine
tool. In order to fulfil the more and more higher requirements of
production , the structure of machine tools should have correseponding
satisfactory dynamic characteristics. The quick developmemt of
computer technology , structural dynamics theory and experiment
technology have offered the brand-new conditions puter aid and
dynamic optimum design, today the analysis and study of dynamic
characteristics of structure have e an important link in design and
manufacture of new type machine tools. But in the actual production
course, in order to improve product quality, if we carry out brand-new
computer aid and dynamic optimum design for existing machine tool ,
then there is a need of consuming plenty of funds and technical strength.
This thesis, only on the existing equipment foundation, from the angel of
processing technology, research into and solve the problem that affacts
processing quality caused by vibration .To strengthen tool and workpiece
rigidity, reduce little warp and eliminate vibration, the thesis’write