文档介绍：Blood coagulation disorders
Dr. Klara Vezendi
Szeged University
Transfusiology Department
The normal haemostasis prevents:
● spontaneous haemorrhage and undue blood loss from injured vessels ● intravascular thrombus formation.
bleeding
thrombosis
There are ponents of blood coagulation system:
HAEMOSTASIS
1. Capillaries
2. Platelets
3. Plasma coagulation factors
1. 2: Primary haemostasis (it is enough to stop bleeding from small injuries)
3: Secundary haemostasis (it is necessary to stop bleeding definitely)
Primary haemostasis I:
● Capillaries and larger blood vessels react to injury by an immediate local temporary vasoconstriction (a reflex nervous mechanism) to reduce the amount of blood lost.
Primary haemostasis II:
● Platelets:
- adhere to the site of injury
- aggregation
- release substances from their cytoplasms to initiate blood coagulation haemostatic plug is formed.
Secundary haemostasis: Blood coagulation factors are necessary to stop bleeding definitely.
I: fibrinogen
II: prothrombin
III: tissue thromboplastin (tissue factor, TF)
IV: Ca++
V: elerin
VI: -
VII: proconvertin
VIII: antihemophilic factor (AHF)
IX: Christmas factor (plasma ponent)
X: Stuart factor
XI: plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA)
XII: Hageman factor (contact factor)
XIII: fibrin stabilizing factor (Laki-Lorand factor)
Disorders of the haemostatic mechanism are devided into three main groups:
Disorders of the vessels
Disorders of the platelets
Disorders of the coagulation mechanism („coagulopathies”)
„ purpuric diseases”
The investigation of a patient with a suspected disorder of haemostasis
case history (personal details, family history)
inspection (type of bleeding)
physical examination
other known diseases
drugs and medications
laboratory tests
Certain signs and symptoms are virtually diagnostic of disordered haemostasis.
The main symptom of all diseases is the bleeding:
● in the „purpuric disorders” cutaneous and mucosal bleeding usually is promin