文档介绍：Neurological Problems & Neurological Disorder
Xuqin Chen
Lecturer of Pediatrics
Department of Pediatrics
Children’s Hospital of Soochow University
Section 1. Neurological Examination
Aims and claims
1. Familiar with the general examination of neurological system.
2. Understanding the examination of the cranial nerves
3. Get hold of the motor examination,.
4. Familiar with the sensory examination.
Main contents
1. Introduce the general examination of neurological system.
2. Introduce the examination of the cranial nerves.
3. Emphasize the motor examination,.
4. Introduce the sensory examination.
Topic 1. General examination
Make it as a game playing to meet the children’s needs
Carefully observe the child when playing and interacting
Head shape and circumference
Pay attention to the relative symptoms: neurocutaneous stigmata, hepato-splenomegaly-------
2. What from .?
Consciousness:
sleepy (drowsy,嗜睡)
unconsciousness(意识不清)
lethargy (昏睡)
coma(昏迷)
Topic 1. general examination ()
Topic 1. general examination ()
Mental condition:
delirium(谵妄)
irritable (烦躁)
obtuse (迟钝)
depression(忧郁)
Topic 1. general examination ()
Action and reaction:
IQ:
Special features:
Neurocutaneous stigmata(神经皮肤症)
Dysmorphic feature (畸形特点)
Topic 2. The cranial nerves
Table 32. cranial nerve assessment in infants
Nerve test
Ⅰ not tested
Ⅱ blinks to bright light
Ⅲ-Ⅵ assess highlights on pupils
Ⅴ corneal reflexes
Ⅶ facial asymmetry
Ⅷ startles to sound;
Ⅸ-Ⅹ gag reflex
Ⅺ not tesed
Ⅻ tongue movement
Topic 3. Motor examination
Muscle tone:
posture
movements
Hypotonic:
frog-leg in neonates
floppy (松软儿)
Spasticity: (痉挛)
Rigidity (僵直)
Topic 3. Motor examination()
Power:
Power Observation
0 No power
1 Barely perceptible power
2 Movement with gravity removed
3 Movement just es gravity
4 Movement against gravity and some resistance
5 Normal power