文档介绍：摘要随着中国加入WTO,国际竞争越来越激烈,市场经济也越来越成熟,而中国由于开放时间较晚,管理理论和经验落后,相对发达国家在国际竞争中处于弱势。激励问题作为人力资源管理的核心已成为决定企业成败的重要因素,中国企业如何从激励理论研究上找到突破口,尽快达到发达国家的实力是我们应当仔细思考的问题。激励机制是为了激励员工而采取的一系列方针政策、规章制度、行为准则、道德规范、文化理念以及相应的组织机构、激励措施的总和。通过这一机制所形成的推动力和吸引力,使员工萌发实现组织目标的动机,产生实现目标的的动力,引起并维持实现组织目标的行为;并通过绩效评价,得到自豪感和响应的奖酬,强化自己的行为。本文通过介绍激励理论的各种理论,分析其特点,从而从不同理论身上得到关于组织管理方面的启示,从而更好地推动企业的发展,推动我国的发展。Forpersonaluseonlyinstudyandresearch;mercialuse关键字:需求型激励理论过程型激励理论启示目录摘要·······································································21激励与激励理论含义·······················································42需求型激励理论·························································································································································································································································63过程型激励理论·····················································································································································································································84总结·····································································9参考文献··································································10附件······································································11论激励理论在企业管理中的应用··········································11激励理论的演变及其新趋势·············································14激励理论概述·························································171激励与激励理论含义激励(motivation)本是心理学的概念,从词意上看激励就是激发鼓励的意思,即加法和鼓励人们朝着所期望的目标采取行动。人的行为模式清楚地表明人的行为是由需要引起,需要产生动机,动机导致行为,而行为的目的是为了满足需要。如果我们能够激发人们的动机,满足人们的需要,并使人看到满足需要的可能性,那么我们就可以激励行为。什么是激励?什么是激励理论?激励是指组织通过设计适当的外部奖酬形式和工作环境,以一定的行为规范和惩罚性措施,借助信息沟通来激发、引导、保持和归化组织成员的行为,以有效地实现组织及其成员个人目标的系统性活动,被认为是“最伟大的管理原理”。管理心理学把激励看成是“持续激发动机的心理过程”。激励水平越高,完成目标的努力程度和满意度也越强,工作效能就越高;反之,激励水平越低,则缺乏完成组织目标的动机,工作效率也越低在经济发展的过程中,劳动分工与交易的出现带来了激励问题。激励理论是行为科学中用于处理需要、动机、目标和行为四者之间关系的核心理论。行为科学认为,人的动机来自需要,由需要确